{"text_format":"1","workbook":"xlsx","n_sheets":14,"sheets":["Introduction","Instructions","Act Descriptions","General Section","Legislation I","Legislation II","Police I","Police II","Prosecution I","Prosecution II","Court","Extradition","Mutual Legal Assistance","Technical Assistance"],"not_rendered":{"charts":0,"images":0,"macros":1,"external_links":0,"defined_names":43,"comments":12,"pivot_tables":0},"unopened":[],"bounds":{"document_bytes":16777216,"sheet_cells":100000,"rows_first":2000,"rows_last":500,"rows_between":2000,"halvings":0,"cell_chars":16384,"cell_head_chars":4096},"cells_cut":0,"cells_raw":0,"read":"whole","date_system":"1900"}

{"sheet":"Introduction","index":0,"n_rows":200,"n_cols":12,"rows_kept":200,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[19,11,19,17],[20,5,20,10],[20,11,20,17],[21,5,21,10],[21,11,21,17],[19,5,19,10],[22,5,22,10],[22,11,22,17],[24,5,24,10],[24,11,24,17],[33,2,36,20],[39,5,42,17],[27,2,28,20],[23,5,23,10],[23,11,23,17],[29,2,32,20],[18,5,18,10],[18,11,18,17],[1,1,3,21],[5,2,9,20],[10,2,14,20],[17,5,17,10],[17,11,17,17]]}
[]
[null,"Cybercrime Questionnaire for Member States"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,"General Assembly Resolution 65/230 (2010) requested the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice to establish, in line with paragraph 42 of the Salvador Declaration, an open-ended intergovernmental expert group to conduct a comprehensive study of the problem of cybercrime and responses to it by Member States, the international community and the private sector, with a view to examining options to strengthen existing and to propose new national legal and international or other responses to cybercrime."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,"At its meeting held in Vienna from 17 to 21 January 2011, the open-ended intergovernmental expert group tasked UNODC with developing an instrument for collection of data based on thirteen topics identified by the expert group for inclusion in the study (UNODC/CCPCJ/EG.4/2011/2).  This questionnaire is designed for completion by Member States. Questionnaires for completion by private sector entities, intergovernmental organizations and academia are administered separately."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Name of Focal Point (Coordinating Official):",null,null,null,null,null,"Dr. Hussain Bin Said Bin Saif Al-Ghafri"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Functional Title:",null,null,null,null,null,"Legal Advisor"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Agency:",null,null,null,null,null,"Information Technology Authority"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Street:",null,null,null,null,null,"Marafa Oasis / Raseel Ditrict"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"City/State/Country:",null,null,null,null,null,"Sultanate of Oman"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Email Address:",null,null,null,null,null,"hussain.alghafri@ita.gov.om /hussain.alghafri@gmail.com"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Telephone (country code, area code, number):",null,null,null,null,null,"0096824166673/0096899410735"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Fax (country code, area code, number):",null,null,null,null,null,"0096824166604/0096824166605"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"This questionnaire is divided into FOURTEEN TABS.  Depending upon national structures, individual tabs may be completed by different authorities. \n\n\n"]
[]
[null,null,"To coordinate the completion and return of the questionnaire, it is recommended that Member States appoint a single FOCAL POINT to act as a coordinating official for the questionnaire.  FOCAL POINTS should consult the INSTRUCTIONS in TAB TWO of the questionnaire, and ensure that all respondents responsible for completing individual sections have access to and have read the instructions prior to completing the questionnaire."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,"The FOCAL POINT should ensure that all relevant tabs are completed by the appropriate authorities, collated, and returned as a single completed questionnaire by 31 May 2012.  Instructions for submission of the completed questionnaire by file upload to UNODC's website are available at: www.unodc.org/cybercrime-study"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,"Assistance with the completion of this questionnaire may be requested from:\nUNODC, Conference Support Section, Organized Crime and Illicit Trafficking Branch\nemail: cybercrime@unodc.org"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["MSQ2012","en",null,"all that apply","three"]

{"sheet":"Instructions","index":1,"n_rows":58,"n_cols":15,"rows_kept":58,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[37,20,38,21],[35,20,36,21],[43,2,44,19],[35,2,40,19],[39,20,40,21],[41,2,42,19],[32,4,32,7],[32,8,32,13],[32,14,32,19],[34,20,34,21],[33,4,33,7],[33,8,33,12],[33,13,33,19],[34,2,34,19],[30,4,30,7],[30,8,30,13],[30,14,30,19],[31,4,31,7],[31,8,31,13],[31,14,31,19],[28,4,28,7],[28,8,28,13],[28,14,28,19],[29,4,29,7],[29,8,29,13],[29,14,29,19],[26,4,26,7],[26,8,26,13],[26,14,26,19],[27,4,27,7],[27,8,27,13],[27,14,27,19],[24,4,24,7],[24,8,24,13],[24,14,24,19],[25,4,25,7],[25,8,25,13],[25,14,25,19],[23,4,23,7],[23,8,23,13],[23,14,23,19],[22,4,22,7],[22,8,22,13],[22,14,22,19],[21,4,21,7],[21,8,21,13],[21,14,21,19],[20,3,20,19],[15,3,15,19],[16,4,16,7],[19,4,19,7],[19,8,19,19],[17,4,17,7],[17,8,17,19],[18,4,18,7],[18,8,18,19],[1,1,2,21],[4,1,7,21],[8,1,11,21],[12,1,13,21],[16,8,16,19]]}
[]
[null,"INSTRUCTIONS"]
[]
[]
[null,"This questionnaire is divided into FOURTEEN TABS.  Tabs ONE to THREE contain information only and are NOT for completion.  Tab FOUR contains general questions.  Tabs FIVE and SIX contain questions about legislation.  Tabs SEVEN and EIGHT contain questions on police and law enforcement.  Tabs NINE to TEN contain questions related to prosecution.  Tab ELEVEN contains questions on courts.  Tabs TWELVE to FOURTEEN contain questions on forms of international cooperation - extradition, mutual legal assistance, and technical assistance. "]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"The FOCAL POINT coordinating this survey should identify an appropriate respondent for each tab.  As requested by the focal point, please fill in the relevent tabs and return them, together with any attachments requested to the focal point.  The FOCAL POINT is responsible for collation of all parts of the questionnaire and ensuring that the questionnaire with all completed tabs is uploaded to UNODC's website as a SINGLE EXCEL file.  Requested attachments should be submitted in .PDF format. "]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Due to the features described below, the questionnaire should be completed ON SCREEN, saved electronically, and uploaded as a single Excel file. The questionnaire may be printed for reference, although it CANNOT be submitted in printed form. "]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,"Sections for information only"]
[null,null,null,"Tab","Title",null,null,null,"Information for FOCAL POINT and ALL Subject Matter Respondents"]
[null,null,null,1,"Introduction",null,null,null,"Authorization, purpose, and goals of questionnaire"]
[null,null,null,2,"Instructions",null,null,null,"Explanation of Excel-based questionnaire"]
[null,null,null,3,"Act Descriptions",null,null,null,"Descriptions of acts (offences) to be used in completion of questionnaire"]
[null,null,null,"Sections for completion and return"]
[null,null,null,"Tab","Title",null,null,null,"Information Requested",null,null,null,null,null,"Question numbers for attachments and web links"]
[null,null,null,4,"General Section",null,null,null,"Strategies, Public-Private Partnerships, Resources",null,null,null,null,null,"1, 7, 8, 10"]
[null,null,null,5,"Legislation I",null,null,null,"Legislation, Jurisdiction, Freedoms and Restrictions",null,null,null,null,null,12]
[null,null,null,6,"Legislation II",null,null,null,"Criminal and Procedural Laws"]
[null,null,null,7,"Police I",null,null,null,"Offenses and Persons, Trends and Threats"]
[null,null,null,8,"Police II",null,null,null,"Investigations/Evidence, Practice, Capacity"]
[null,null,null,9,"Prosecution I",null,null,null,"Offenses and Persons, Trends and Threats"]
[null,null,null,10,"Prosecution II",null,null,null,"Evidence, Practice, Capacity"]
[null,null,null,11,"Court I",null,null,null,"Processing and Conviction, Practices, Capacity",null,null,null,null,null,185]
[null,null,null,12,"Extradition",null,null,null,"Authority, Processing, Mechanisms, Requests",null,null,null,null,null,193]
[null,null,null,13,"Mutual Legal Assistance",null,null,null,"Authority, Processing, Mechanisms, Requests",null,null,null,null,null,216]
[null,null,null,14,"Technical Assistance",null,null,null,"Technical Assistance Received and Delivered"]
[]
[null,null,"When EXCEL asks if MACROS should be enabled, please select YES in order to enable questionnaire features that are necessary to complete the questionnaire.  "]
[null,null,"Comments to aid completion of the questionnaire are embedded in cells marked with a red triangle in the top right corner.  Many cells in the questionnaire have drop down menus that allow users to select from among a range of options.  These listed options are designated by solid blue outlines around the relevant answer box.  Some cells allow multiple responses, others allow only one response. To display and scroll the listed options, click on the cell, then click on the arrow that appears to the right.  To change an answer in the drop-down list selection, you may use the Backspace or Delete key to clear the cell and to select the appropriate answer choice.  To select multiple options, click on each response you wish to select; use the Backspace or Delete key to eliminate or correct a response."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,"Many cells in the questionnaire request free text information and narratives.  These cells may not appear to have enough space to record your entire answer on the screen, although they will accept a very large number of characters.  All information entered and submitted will be transferred to the study database."]
[]
[null,null,"If information is unavailable, please leave the cell blank. Please do not enter 'n/a' or other response."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,1,"Answer Option 1"]
[null,2,"Answer Option 2"]
[null,3,"Answer Option 3"]
[null,4,"Answer Option 4"]
[null,null,"  "]

{"sheet":"Act Descriptions","index":2,"n_rows":113,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":113,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[26,4,31,21],[46,4,50,21],[51,4,54,21],[26,1,31,3],[46,1,50,3],[32,4,39,21],[40,1,45,3],[32,1,39,3],[1,1,2,21],[25,1,25,21],[5,1,5,13],[23,1,23,13],[7,4,11,21],[17,1,20,3],[12,4,16,21],[12,1,16,3],[17,4,20,21],[7,1,11,3],[112,4,114,21],[103,1,114,3],[103,4,111,21],[98,1,102,3],[87,1,91,3],[93,4,97,21],[93,1,97,3],[98,4,102,21],[87,4,91,21],[56,1,56,21],[71,4,74,21],[40,4,45,21],[51,1,54,3],[57,4,65,21],[57,1,65,3],[82,1,86,3],[71,1,74,3],[75,1,79,3],[82,4,86,21],[66,4,70,21],[66,1,70,3],[75,4,79,21],[81,1,81,21]]}
[]
[null,"This section contains descriptions of key concepts and cybercrime acts to be used in the completion of this questionnaire."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"For the purposes of this questionnaire only, the following terms shall have the following meanings:"]
[]
[null,"Computer System",null,null,"Refers to an electronic device or a group of inter-connected or related devices, including the Internet, one or more of which, can perform automated processing of computer data or other logical operations following a computer program. In addition to home desktop computers and laptop computers, this may include cell phones, smart phones, internet and wireless routers, external storage devices, and other devices designed to process computer data."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Computer Data",null,null,"Refers to any representation of facts, concepts, information (including text, sound and images), and machine-readable code or instructions, that are in a form suitable for processing in a computer system, including a computer program that is capable of causing a computer system to perform a defined function. Computer data may be stored by the computer system in (temporary) memory, in (semi-permanent) solid state storage, or on a computer system hard disk or other magnetic or optical media."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Service Provider",null,null,"Refers to any public or private entity that provides to users of its service the ability to communicate by means of a computer system, as well as any other entity that processes or stores computer data on behalf of such communication service or users of such service. This is the case, for example, for telephone companies, internet access providers, website hosting providers, storage service providers, and application service providers."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"For the purposes of this questionnaire only, cybercrime acts include but are not limited to:"]
[]
[null,"Acts against the confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data and systems"]
[null,"Illegal access to a computer system",null,null,"Refers to acts involving entry into parts or the whole of a computer system without authorization or justification. This is the case, for example, if a perpetrator circumvents a firewall and enters the computer system of (for instance) a bank. This may also be the case if a user continues to remain connected to a computer system beyond his or her authorized time, such as when a perpetrator books server capacities for a certain period of time but continues to use them after the period has expired. Some national approaches require that the perpetrator circumvents protection measures or acts with specific intent."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Illegal access,  interception or   acquisition of computer data",null,null,"Refers to acts involving gaining access to computer data without authorization or justification, including obtaining data during a transmission process that is not intended to be public, as well as obtaining computer data (such as by copying data) without authorization. This is the case, for example, if a perpetrator illegally accesses a computer database, records transmissions without right within a wireless network, or if a perpetrator, who is working for a particular company, copies files to take with him without authorization. Some national approaches require that the relevant data was protected against unauthorized access. Some national approaches also include the interception of electromagnetic emissions that may not be categorized as computer data. Industrial or corporate espionage may often involve the act of illegal access, interception or acquisition of computer data."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Illegal data interference or system interference",null,null,"Refers to acts hindering the functioning of a computer system, as well as to acts involving damage, deletion, deterioration, alteration or suppression of computer data without authorization or justification. This is the case, for example, if a perpetrator submits so many requests to a computer system that it can no longer respond to legitimate requests (a so-called 'denial-of-service attack'), deletes computer program files necessary for the functioning of an internet server, or alters records in a computer database. Some national approaches cover only data-related acts whereas others also cover hardware manipulations. ‘Hacking’ into computer systems associated with critical infrastructure (such as water or electricity supply systems) may result in illegal data interference or system damage. "]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Production, distribution,  or possession of   computer misuse tools",null,null,"Refers to acts involving the development or distribution of hardware or software solutions that can be used to carry out computer or internet-related offences. This is the case, for example, if a perpetrator develops a software tool to automate denial-of-service attacks. In order to avoid interference with the legitimate use of such tools (such as by security experts), some national approaches require that the tool is exclusively designed for illegal purposes, or that a perpetrator acts with the intention to use the tool to commit a crime."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Breach of privacy or     data protection measures",null,null,"Refers to acts involving the use of a computer system to process, disseminate, obtain, or access personal information in violation of data protection provisions. This is the case, for example, if a perpetrator operates an e-commerce business and discloses personal information from his customer database that he was required to keep confidential.  "]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Computer-related acts for personal or financial gain"]
[null,"Computer-related fraud   or forgery",null,null,"Refers to acts involving interference with or illegal accesses to a computer system or data with the intent of deceitfully or dishonestly obtaining money, other economic benefit or evading a liability, as well as to acts involving interference with a computer system or data in way those results in the creation of inauthentic computer data. This is the case, for example, if a perpetrator modifies the software used by a bank to redirect money transfer processes to his own account, or if a perpetrator modifies an authentic email from a financial institution with an underlying intent to defraud. Sending many such messages in an attempt to obtain personal information or to defraud is also referred to as ‘phishing’. With respect to computer-related forgery, some national approaches require that the original computer data relate to documentation intended to create binding legal obligations. Others require only that a perpetrator intends the resultant modified version to be considered as or acted upon with respect to legal obligations."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Computer-related   identity offences ",null,null,"Refers to acts involving the transfer, possession, or use, of means of identification of another person stored in computer data, without right, with the intent to commit, aid or abet any unlawful criminal activity. This is the case, for example, if a perpetrator, without right, obtains driving licence information from a computer system and either sells such data or uses it to hide his true identity when committing a crime. Some national approaches limit the application of such provisions to certain identification instruments."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Computer-related copyright and trademark offences",null,null,"Refers to acts involving the copying of material stored in computer data or generates computer data in violation of copyright or trademark protections. This can be the case, for example, if a perpetrator distributes a song protected by copyright through a file-sharing system without the licence of the copyright owner."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Sending or controlling sending of SPAM",null,null,"Refers to acts involving the use of a computer system to send out messages to a large number of recipients without authorization or request. In order to avoid an interference with regular business to customer communications, some national approaches require that a perpetrator provides false header information in such messages. "]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Specific computer-related acts"]
[null,"Computer-related acts causing personal harm",null,null,"Refers to acts involving the use of a computer system to harass, bully, threaten, stalk, or to cause fear in or intimidation of an individual. This is the case, for example, if a perpetrator sends insulting, threatening, offensive or abusive messages or images (also referred to as ‘trolling’), or uses a computer system to track, stalk, or otherwise monitor or interfere with an individual’s emotional or physical well-being. Acts solely constituting defamation are excluded from this category."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Computer-related acts involving racism or xenophobia",null,null,"Refers to acts involving the use of a computer system to distribute or to make available racist and xenophobic material, or to threaten or insult an individual or group of persons for racist or xenophobic reasons. Racist and xenophobic material means any written material, image or other representation of ideas or theories which advocates, promotes or incites hatred, discrimination or violence against any individual or group of persons, based on race, colour, descent or national or ethnic origin, as well as religion if used as a pretext for any of these factors. "]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Computer-related production, distribution,  or possession of child pornography",null,null,"Refers to acts involving the use of a computer system to produce, create, distribute, access or view, receive, store or possess any representation, by whatever means, of any real or fictional person under 18 years of age, or appearing to be under 18 years of age, engaged in real or simulated explicit sexual activities or any representation of the sexual parts of a child for primarily sexual purposes. This is the case, for example, if a perpetrator downloads a digital picture showing the sexual abuse of a child. "]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Computer-related solicitation or ‘grooming’ of children",null,null,"Refers to acts involving the use of a computer system, to propose to a child who has not reached the age of sexual consent to meet, for the purpose of committing a sex-related crime. This is the case, for example, if a perpetrator enters an internet chat with a child, pretends that he is also a child, and proposes to the child to meet, with the intention of abusing the child. This conduct may also be termed 'grooming'. Some national approaches may limit the offence to solicitation that is followed by a material act leading to a meeting."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Computer-related acts     in support of terrorism offences",null,null,"Refers to acts involving the use of a computer system in support of terrorism offences. This includes the use of a computer system to communicate a message to the public, with the intent to incite the commission of a terrorist offence or offences, where such conduct, whether or not directly advocating terrorist offences, presents a danger that one or more such offences may be committed (computer-related ‘incitement to terrorism’). This also includes the use of a computer system to provide or collect funds with the intention that they should be used, or in the knowledge that they are to be used, in full or in part, in order to commit a terrorist offence or offences (computer-related ‘terrorist financing offences’). This also includes the use of a computer system for the planning, research, preparation, or organization of a terrorist offence or offences (computer-related ‘terrorist planning offences’). A terrorist offence means any act established in accordance with the universal legal instruments against terrorism, or otherwise intended to cause death or serious bodily injury to a civilian, or to any other person not taking an active part in the "]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,"hostilities of a situation of armed conflict, when the purpose of such act, by its nature or context, is to intimidate a population, or to compel a government or an international organization to do or abstain from doing any act."]

{"sheet":"General Section","index":3,"n_rows":270,"n_cols":17,"rows_kept":270,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[214,1,214,21],[58,7,61,9],[92,10,95,15],[107,7,109,9],[107,1,109,5],[96,10,99,15],[100,10,103,15],[130,1,133,5],[130,7,133,9],[148,10,148,21],[149,10,150,21],[165,10,168,21],[62,7,65,9],[131,10,133,21],[151,10,151,21],[156,10,159,21],[70,10,73,21],[188,12,190,12],[195,13,196,21],[186,13,187,21],[200,7,204,11],[177,10,180,21],[188,13,188,21],[191,13,191,21],[1,1,1,6],[1,7,1,17],[2,1,2,6],[2,7,2,17],[25,10,26,21],[41,14,42,21],[8,1,8,6],[8,7,8,17],[41,7,42,13],[36,7,36,13],[36,14,36,21],[23,10,24,21],[29,10,29,21],[37,7,38,13],[39,7,40,13],[37,14,38,21],[3,1,3,6],[3,7,3,17],[6,7,6,17],[10,1,13,21],[5,7,5,17],[37,1,41,5],[39,14,40,21],[19,1,21,5],[22,10,22,21],[28,10,28,21],[50,7,53,9],[43,7,44,13],[75,10,75,15],[151,1,154,5],[173,7,176,9],[155,10,155,21],[151,7,154,9],[130,10,130,21],[129,10,129,21],[120,10,121,21],[110,10,111,21],[75,16,75,21],[66,7,69,9],[54,10,57,21],[58,10,61,21],[62,10,65,21],[66,10,69,21],[169,7,172,9],[96,16,99,21],[169,10,172,21],[152,10,154,21],[6,1,6,6],[4,1,4,6],[4,7,4,17],[5,1,5,6],[188,7,190,11],[161,7,164,9],[165,7,168,9],[161,10,164,21],[189,13,190,21],[23,1,23,5],[141,10,145,21],[46,7,49,9],[43,14,44,21],[70,7,73,9],[92,16,95,21],[88,7,91,9],[92,7,95,9],[84,7,87,9],[76,7,79,9],[84,16,87,21],[84,10,87,15],[80,7,83,9],[7,1,7,6],[7,7,7,17],[15,1,15,21],[122,2,125,5],[112,10,113,21],[107,10,107,21],[108,10,109,21],[105,1,105,21],[118,10,119,21],[110,7,113,9],[76,1,81,5],[96,7,99,9],[122,10,123,21],[122,7,125,9],[116,1,119,5],[114,7,117,9],[118,7,121,9],[100,7,103,9],[124,10,125,21],[80,10,83,15],[46,1,51,5],[54,7,57,9],[17,10,17,21],[46,10,49,21],[50,10,53,21],[30,1,34,5],[192,13,193,21],[185,13,185,21],[194,13,194,21],[183,1,183,21],[161,1,165,5],[177,7,180,9],[197,7,199,11],[191,7,193,11],[210,13,211,21],[200,13,200,21],[205,13,205,21],[173,10,176,21],[209,13,209,21],[206,13,208,21],[191,12,193,12],[194,12,196,12],[194,7,196,11],[209,7,211,11],[205,7,208,11],[201,13,204,21],[209,12,211,12],[197,12,199,12],[205,12,208,12],[200,12,204,12],[216,1,222,4],[216,6,222,21],[139,10,140,21],[188,1,194,5],[19,7,21,9],[18,10,18,21],[19,10,19,21],[20,10,21,21],[30,7,34,9],[30,10,34,21],[114,10,115,21],[134,10,134,21],[80,16,83,21],[76,10,79,15],[76,16,79,21],[88,10,91,15],[88,16,91,21],[128,10,128,21],[116,10,117,21],[100,16,103,21],[135,10,137,21],[138,10,138,21],[197,13,197,21],[198,13,199,21]]}
[]
[null,"Name of Respondent (General Section):",null,null,null,null,null,"Dr. Hussain Bin Said Bin Saif Al-Ghafri"]
[null,"Functional Title:",null,null,null,null,null,"Legal Advisor"]
[null,"Agency:",null,null,null,null,null,"Information Technology Authority"]
[null,"Street:",null,null,null,null,null,"Marafa Oasis / Raseel District"]
[null,"City/State/Country:",null,null,null,null,null,"Sultanate of Oman"]
[null,"Email Address:",null,null,null,null,null,"hussain.alghafri@ita.gov.om /hussain.alghafri@gmail.com"]
[null,"Telephone (country code, area code, number):",null,null,null,null,null,"0096824166673/0096899410735"]
[null,"Fax (country code, area code, number):",null,null,null,null,null,"0096824166604/0096824166605"]
[]
[null,"This section contains general questions regarding your country's national cybercrime strategy and coordinating agencies, national cybercrime priorities, challenges, and best practices, as well as the general availability of estimates and information on cybercrime."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"National cybercrime priorities"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please ATTACH a copy or provide a direct WEB LINK to the full text of the instrument"]
[1,"Does your country have a NATIONAL STRATEGY (or equivalent) on cybercrime? ",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Which of the following areas does your country's NATIONAL STRATEGY address?"]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The Sultanate has no strategy on cybercrime, but Oman does have a digital strategy."]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please identify the LEAD government INSTITUTION and briefly explain its role"]
[2,"In your country, is there a LEAD government INSTITUTION responsible for coordinating the prevention and combating of cybercrime? ",null,null,null,null,null,"Yes",null,null,"Sultanate of Oman Police (Crime Division).  This unit is responsible for receiving communications, conducting the necessary investigations, collecting evidence and coordination with other agencies within and outside the country."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"INSTITUTION",null,null,null,null,null,null,"ROLE"]
[3,"Please identify OTHER GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS involved in the prevention and combating of cybercrime, and briefly specify their role.",null,null,null,null,null,"Public Prosecution (Directorate of information technology crimes investigations)",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Investigating cybercrimes, presenting evidecne and bringing public prosecutions."]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Information Technology Authority",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Coordinating legislation on cyber crime. This is done through the electronic legislation unit. It also provides technical support with regard to digital evidence and how to deal with it."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[4,"Please identify NATIONAL PRIORITIES with respect to CYBERCRIME in each of the following areas, whether or not your country has a national cybercrime strategy:",null,null,null,null,null,"Prevention of Cybercrime",null,null,"Attention to  awareness of cybe crime and building a strong relationship between individuals and law enforcement officers. Attention to the protection of government websites and providing information security."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Cybercrime Legislation",null,null,"Constantly reviewing and developing existing legislation to keep abreast of developments in the field of cybercrime."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Law Enforcement Investigation Capacity",null,null,"Attention to training officers involved in investigations - specialized training so that they have the ability to deal with cybe crime and digital evidence."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Criminal Justice Capacity to Prosecute",null,null,"Establishment of a judiciary specialized in cybercrime, and attention to training those working in it to be able to deal with cybercrime and understand the circumstances and the evidence."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Public Private Partnerships",null,null,"Attention to  finding fruitful cooperation between law enforcement agencies and private sector companies, particularly working in the field of information and communication technology and Internet Service Providers."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"International Cooperation",null,null,"Attention to entering into regional and bilateral agreements helping to create fruitful cooperation in investigation and search for evidence, and in the prosecution, the training of law enforcement officers, investigating lawyers and judges."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Other (Please specify)"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Most significant CHALLENGE faced",null,null,null,null,null,"GOOD PRACTICE for addressing the challenge"]
[5,"What are the OVERALL national CHALLENGES and GOOD PRACTICES in your country with respect to cybercrime prevention and combating in the following areas?",null,null,null,null,null,"Prevention of Cybercrime",null,null,"Lack of full awareness of cybercrime and its risks  and ill effects. Underreporting of cybercrime, particularly by private sector companies, fearing for their reputation. Lack of statistics and studies for dealing with computer crime.",null,null,null,null,null,"Establishment of several awareness-raising seminars, broadcasting a number of TV and radio programmes, and urgeing people to build a strong relationship with law enforcement officers and to be in constant contact with them and tell them of all their difficulties."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Cybercrime Legislation",null,null,"The absence of a procedural system that supports the substantive rules established by Royal Decree No. 12/2012.",null,null,null,null,null,"The completion of the legislative system through the issuance of procedural rules."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Law Enforcement Investigation Capacity",null,null,"Lack of the skills needed to investigate cybercrime.",null,null,null,null,null,"Attention to training specialists in the field of investigation of cybercrime, the training including basic knowledge of computers and the Internet, the basics of networking, the types of cybercrime and how to commit them, the technical methods to assist investigations, and the different types of digital evidence, how to deal with and examine it and present it to the court."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Criminal Justice Capacity to Prosecute",null,null,"There are no judges in the Sultanate specialized in hearing cybercrimes so they are tried as ordinary offences.",null,null,null,null,null,"The presence of specialized judges who have received specialized training and have a strong understanding and awareness of cybercrime and everything connected with it."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Public Private Partnerships",null,null,"No challenges. "]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"International Cooperation",null,null,"Limited international cooperation in the prevention of cybercrime. The reason may be due to the difference in which acts are criminalized in different countries: what is constitute an offense in the Sultanate may not be similaarly considered in other countries. Furthermore, a lot of the companies that provide information services are global companies and are not responsible for a particular country, making it difficult to obtain help from those companies when it is required.",null,null,null,null,null,"Bilateral, regional or international agreements harmonizing the concepts concerning cybercrime."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Other (Please specify)"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Public-private cooperation and prevention of cybercrime"]
[]
[6,"Do PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS exist for prevention and combating of cybercrime?",null,null,null,null,null,"Yes",null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please specify the following partnership elements"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The PARTNERS in the partnership",null,null,"Private sector organization (please specify)"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"International organizations - ESCWA                       "]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The SCOPE of the partnership",null,null,"Facilitate reporting of suspected cases"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Exchange of good practice for the prevention of cybercrime; raise awareness of cybercrime"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"INFORMATION that is EXCHANGED as a result of the partnership",null,null,"Information on cybercrime threats and trends"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"General information on preventive measures; General information on types of cybercrime cases"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The BASIS of the partnership"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please ATTACH a copy OR provide a direct WEB LINK to the full text of the instrument"]
[7,"Do national law or policy establish the ROLES and RESPONSIBILITIES of the PRIVATE SECTOR with respect to cybercrime?",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please summarize the MAIN ELEMENTS of the law or policy"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If NO"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please describe how the ROLES and RESPONSIBILITIES of the PRIVATE SECTOR with respect to cybercrime are defined in your country"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please specify the relevant LAW or POLICY and either ATTACH a copy or provide a direct WEB LINK to the full text of the instrument"]
[]
[8,"Do national LEGISLATION or POLICY set out steps to be taken for the PREVENTION of cybercrime? ",null,null,null,null,null,"Yes",null,null,"Direct web link provided below"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"http://www.mola.gov.om/maraseem/929/2011-12.pdf"]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please describe the MAIN ELEMENTS of the LAW or POLICY "]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The Law contains 30 articles divided into six [sic] chapters: Chapter I contains general provisions; Chapter II deals with offences of breach of confidentiality, provision of data and information and misuse of tools; Chapter III  concerns offences related to the misuse of information technology devices; Chapter IV criminalizes information forgery and fraud; Chapter V of the Law concerns content; Chapter VI deals with offences  against financial cards; and Chapter VII contains the final provisions."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[9,"Please describe any recent specific CYBERCRIME PREVENTION or AWARENESS activities or intitiatives undertaken by any of the following institutions:",null,null,null,null,null,"Law Enforcement Agencies"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Other Government Institutions\n(please specify)",null,null,"The National Center for Computer Security runs a training course for law enforcement officers and members of the judiciary on digital evidence and how to deal with it."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Non-Governmental Organizations or Academia",null,null,"The Higher College of Technology in the southern Dhofar region organized a workshop on computer-related crimes and information security in mid-March 2012 in cooperation with the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) and the Information Technology Authority and TRS [?] nformation security company."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Private Sector Organizations"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Other (Please specify)"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Information resources on cybercrime"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please ATTACH a copy of the relevant report(s) OR \nprovide a direct WEB LINK to the full text"]
[]
[10,"Are statistics, reports, or other information available on the NATURE and EXTENT of cybercrime acts or the RESPONSE to it in your country from any of the following sources? ",null,null,null,null,null,"General population based survey",null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Survey of private companies",null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Expert assessment",null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Report of coordinating cybercrime commission or committee",null,null,null,null,"Yes"]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Computer emergency response teams (CERTs) or computer security incident response teams (CSIRTs)",null,null,null,null,"Yes","Document attached"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Statistics for 2011 and 2010 showing the type and nature of the offence and also its scalse."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Report of IT security provider",null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Other (Please specify)"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Options for international legal or other responses to cybercrime"]
[]
[11,"Please describe OPTIONS that should be considered to STRENGTHEN existing or to propose NEW INTERNATIONAL legal or other responses to CYBERCRIME.",null,null,null,null,"Standardization of the legal concepts relating to cybercrime. Strengthening international cooperation againstinformation crime, and also coordination of legislative efforts."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,1,"Yes"]
[null,0,"No"]
[]
[null,1,"Yes"]
[null,0,"No"]
[null,2,"Under preparation"]
[]
[null,1,"Document attached"]
[null,2,"Direct web link provided below"]
[]
[null,1,"Prevention"]
[null,2,"Awareness raising"]
[null,3,"Legislation"]
[null,4,"Law enforcement capacity"]
[null,5,"Criminal justice capacity"]
[null,6,"Public-private partnerships"]
[null,7,"International cooperation"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[null,1,"National government (please specify) "]
[null,2,"International organization (please specify)"]
[null,3,"Regional organization (please specify)"]
[null,4,"Private sector organization (please specify)"]
[null,5,"Academic organization (please specify) "]
[null,88,"Other (please specify)"]
[]
[null,1,"Exchange of good practice for prevention of cybercrime"]
[null,2,"Facilitate reporting of suspected cases"]
[null,3,"Facilitate international cooperation against cybercrime"]
[null,4,"Facilitate development of technical solutions against cybercrime "]
[null,5,"Raise awareness of cybercrime"]
[null,88,"Other (please specify)"]
[]
[null,1,"General information on preventive measures"]
[null,2,"Information on cybercrime threats and trends"]
[null,3,"General information on types of cybercrime cases "]
[null,4,"Information on specific cases of cybercrime"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify)"]
[]
[null,1,"Partnership established by legislation"]
[null,2,"Partenership established by government decision"]
[null,3,"Partnership established by legal agreement between the partners"]
[null,4,"Partnership established by informal agreement between the partners "]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify)"]

{"sheet":"Legislation I","index":4,"n_rows":269,"n_cols":18,"rows_kept":269,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[202,11,206,21],[183,1,186,7],[183,9,186,21],[187,9,192,21],[187,1,192,7],[177,1,182,7],[208,1,212,7],[208,9,212,21],[194,1,194,7],[195,1,198,7],[195,9,198,21],[201,11,201,21],[200,11,200,21],[202,1,206,7],[202,9,206,10],[167,1,172,7],[113,16,117,21],[118,7,126,9],[118,10,126,15],[177,9,182,21],[167,9,172,21],[150,1,150,21],[153,1,153,7],[141,10,141,21],[134,1,139,5],[134,7,136,9],[134,10,139,21],[132,10,132,21],[133,10,133,21],[140,10,140,21],[173,1,176,7],[154,1,158,7],[154,9,158,21],[173,9,176,21],[142,10,146,21],[159,9,163,21],[166,1,166,7],[113,7,117,9],[103,10,107,15],[103,16,107,21],[108,1,112,5],[108,7,112,9],[108,10,112,15],[108,16,112,21],[113,10,117,15],[118,16,126,21],[159,1,163,7],[89,6,93,11],[89,12,93,16],[89,17,93,21],[80,12,85,16],[101,1,101,21],[94,1,98,4],[94,6,94,11],[94,12,94,16],[95,17,98,21],[94,17,94,21],[95,6,98,11],[95,12,98,16],[73,1,73,21],[75,17,79,21],[80,1,85,4],[80,6,85,11],[75,6,79,11],[64,13,64,16],[65,13,65,16],[67,1,71,4],[67,6,68,9],[67,10,68,21],[80,17,85,21],[64,17,64,21],[75,12,79,16],[69,6,71,9],[69,10,71,21],[65,17,65,21],[64,6,65,9],[64,10,65,12],[62,6,63,9],[62,10,63,12],[62,13,62,16],[63,13,63,16],[61,17,61,21],[62,17,62,21],[63,17,63,21],[58,17,58,21],[59,17,59,21],[60,17,60,21],[58,13,58,16],[59,13,59,16],[60,13,60,16],[56,1,61,3],[56,5,57,5],[56,6,57,9],[56,10,57,12],[60,6,61,9],[58,6,59,9],[58,10,59,12],[60,10,61,12],[49,6,49,21],[50,6,55,9],[50,10,55,12],[56,17,56,21],[57,17,57,21],[50,13,55,16],[50,17,55,21],[61,13,61,16],[56,13,56,16],[57,13,57,16],[38,6,39,9],[38,10,38,12],[38,13,38,15],[38,16,38,21],[39,10,39,12],[39,13,39,15],[39,16,39,21],[45,1,48,4],[41,1,43,4],[41,6,43,21],[45,6,48,10],[34,6,35,9],[34,10,34,12],[34,13,34,15],[34,16,34,21],[35,10,35,12],[35,13,35,15],[35,16,35,21],[36,6,37,9],[36,10,36,12],[36,13,36,15],[36,16,36,21],[37,10,37,12],[37,13,37,15],[37,16,37,21],[32,13,32,15],[32,16,32,21],[30,13,30,15],[30,16,30,21],[33,10,33,12],[33,13,33,15],[33,16,33,21],[28,6,29,9],[28,10,28,12],[32,6,33,9],[32,10,32,12],[30,6,31,9],[29,16,29,21],[28,13,28,15],[24,16,24,21],[25,10,25,12],[25,13,25,15],[25,16,25,21],[28,16,28,21],[26,13,26,15],[26,16,26,21],[27,16,27,21],[31,10,31,12],[31,13,31,15],[31,16,31,21],[30,10,30,12],[24,1,29,4],[24,6,25,9],[24,10,24,12],[24,13,24,15],[26,6,27,9],[29,13,29,15],[27,10,27,12],[27,13,27,15],[26,10,26,12],[29,10,29,12],[6,1,6,6],[6,7,6,17],[7,1,7,6],[7,7,7,17],[8,1,8,6],[8,7,8,17],[17,6,23,9],[17,10,23,12],[17,13,23,15],[17,16,23,21],[10,1,13,21],[15,1,15,21],[3,1,3,6],[3,7,3,17],[1,1,1,6],[1,7,1,17],[2,1,2,6],[2,7,2,17],[4,1,4,6],[4,7,4,17],[5,1,5,6],[5,7,5,17]]}
[]
[null,"Name of Respondent (Legislation):",null,null,null,null,null,"Dr. Hussain Bin Said Bin Saif Al-Ghafri"]
[null,"Functional Title:",null,null,null,null,null,"Legal Advisor"]
[null,"Agency:",null,null,null,null,null,"Information Technology Authority"]
[null,"Street:",null,null,null,null,null,"Marafa Oasis / Raseel District"]
[null,"City/State/Country:",null,null,null,null,null,"Sultanate of Oman"]
[null,"Email Address:",null,null,null,null,null,"hussain.alghafri@ita.gov.om /hussain.alghafri@gmail.com"]
[null,"Telephone (country code, area code, number):",null,null,null,null,null,"0096824166673/0096899410735"]
[null,"Fax (country code, area code, number):",null,null,null,null,null,"0096824166604/0096824166605"]
[]
[null,"Effective legislation is an essential component in the prevention and combating of cybercrime.  This legislation section asks for the identification of relevant cybercrime laws, as well as containing questions on cross-national instruments, jurisdiction, and fundamental freedoms and rights within the framework of general principles of international and relevant domestic law, including privacy and data protection issues."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"National cybercrime Laws"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please provide the NAME (and ARTICLE number(s) if relevant) of the CYBER-SPECIFIC legislation",null,null,null,"Please indicate the CYBERCRIME issues covered by the legislation",null,null,"Please ATTACH a copy of the legislation or provide a direct WEB LINK to the full text of the legislation",null,null,"What cross-national instruments were used to develop the legislation?"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[12,"Please identify the main LEGISLATION that is SPECIFIC to CYBERCRIME in your country.",null,null,null,null,"Law against Cybercrime, 12/2011",null,null,null,"Criminalization",null,null,"Web link provided",null,null,"Other (please specify): "]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"http://www.mola.gov.om/maraseem/864/69-2008.pdf",null,null,"Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime, 2001; Model Legislative Text - cybercrime/e-crime for the Caribbean Region, 2010 (HIPCAR). "]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,"Electronic Information Law, 69/2008, Chapter VI.",null,null,null,"Criminalization",null,null,"Web link provided",null,null,"ECOWAS Draft Directive on Cybercrime (2009)"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"http://www.mola.gov.om/maraseem/864/69-2008.pdf",null,null,"UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (1996), the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures (2001), Tunisian law on private exchanges and e-commerce, Indian Law on Information Technology, 2000, Jordanian law on electronic transactions No. (85) of the year 2001, the Electronic Commerce Act Bahrain, 2002, Egyptian law No. 15 of 2004 regulating electronic signatures."]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,"Telecommunications Law, 30/2002, articles 68 bis, 2bis, [?], 61-65.",null,null,null,"Criminalization",null,null,"Web link provided"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"http://www.tra.gov.om/newsite1/Portal/Upload/Documents/59_arAct.pdf"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,"Law on Publishing and Publications.",null,null,null,"Criminalization",null,null,"Web link provided"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"http://www.mola.gov.om/maraseem/947/95-2011.pdf"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[13,"Please specify any other additional relevant LEGISLATION or COMMENTS"]
[]
[]
[]
[14,"Are there plans to pass NEW LEGISLATION or to AMEND existing legislation on cybercrime?",null,null,null,null,"None planned"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please provide the NAME of the NEW legislation or PLANNED amendments ",null,null,null,"Please indicate the EXPECTED YEAR of the NEW legislation or PLANNED amendments ",null,null,"Please indicate the CYBERCRIME issues to be covered by the NEW legislation or PLANNED amendments ",null,null,null,"What cross-national instruments will be used to draft or develop the NEW legislation or PLANNED amendments? "]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null," "]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null," "]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null," "]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[15,"What is the most accurate CLASSIFICATION of your country's NATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEM?",null,null,null,null,"CLASSIFICATION of legal system",null,null,null,"If MIXED or OTHER legal system, please describe the main ELEMENTS of your legal system"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,"Mixed system (please specify):",null,null,null," Islamic Sharia is the basis with regard to personal status; criminalization and punishment are based on common law; buying and sellingon  civil law. All legislation must conform with the Basic Law of the Sultanate under Royal Decree 101/1996."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Cross-national instruments and legal harmonization"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,"APPROACHES used to maintain NATIONAL legal traditions while incorporating cross-national instruments",null,null,null,null,null,"SUCCESSES achieved in harmonization with cross-national instruments",null,null,null,null,"LIMITATIONS encountered in harmonization with cross-national instruments"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[16,"Where CROSS-NATIONAL instruments have been used as a basis of introducing or amending national legislation, please describe:",null,null,null,null,"First, taking into account the specificity of Omani society in terms of customs, traditions and usages. Second, taking into account pre-existing national legislation."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,"Other COUNTRIES in your REGION",null,null,null,null,null,"Other COUNTRIES that are important to your country for the purposes of INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION",null,null,null,null,"CROSS-NATIONAL CYBERCRIME INSTRUMENTS that are important to your country"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[17,"To what extent do you consider that cybercrime LEGISLATION in your country is HARMONIZED with the following:",null,null,null,null,"Highly harmonized",null,null,null,null,null,"Highly harmonized",null,null,null,null,"Highly harmonized"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Jurisdiction in cybercrime cases"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Cybercrime acts committed OUTSIDE of your country but which include EFFECTS or victims WITHIN your country",null,null,null,null,null,"Cybercrime acts committed ENTIRELY OUTSIDE of your country"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[18,"Please briefly describe the CRITERIA in NATIONAL LAW for:",null,null,null,null,null,"CRIMINALIZATION of cybercrime acts committed outside of the country ",null,null,"In accordance with the provisions of Article II of the Law against cybercrime, the provisions of this law shall apply to cybercrimes if committed wholly or partly outside the Sultanate when one of its own interests is harmed or if the result is achieved in its territory or if it was intended to be achieved but was not.",null,null,null,null,null,"In accordance with the provisions of Article II of the Law against cybercrime, the provisions of this law shall apply to cybercrimes if committed wholly or partly outside the Sultanate when one of its own interests is harmed or if the result is achieved in its territory or if it was intended to be achieved but was not."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"PROSECUTION of such acts in the COURTS of your country",null,null,"According to the principle of territoriality, the national law is applicable in this case -Law against Cybercrime, 12/2011 and other laws are applicable.",null,null,null,null,null,"According to the same principle stipulated in Article 8 of the Omani Penal Code, Omani law applies to crimes committed outside the Sultanate if the crime disturbs the country's internal or external secutiry, and as reaffirmed in Article III of the Law against Cybercrime, 12/2011."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"RESOLVING CONFLICTS OF JURISDICTION, such as when two countries investigate and prosecute the same individuals for cybercrime acts committed outside of their respective countries",null,null,"This has been done through regional, international and bilateral agreements. The Sultanate has signed several agreements, including the following: 1. Riyadh Arab Agreement for Judicial Cooperation; 2. Agreement on legal and judicial cooperation between the Sultanate and the Arab Republic of Egypt; 3. Agreement to implement judicial judgments and notifications (Gulf Cooperation Council) ;4. The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the three protocols thereto. http://www.moj.gov.om/HostedPages?c=&PageId=57",null,null,null,null,null,"This has been done through regional, international and bilateral agreements. The Sultanate has signed several agreements, including the following: 1. Riyadh Arab Agreement for Judicial Cooperation; 2. Agreement on legal and judicial cooperation between the Sultanate and the Arab Republic of Egypt; 3. Agreement to implement judicial judgments and notifications (Gulf Cooperation Council) ;4. The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the three protocols thereto. http://www.moj.gov.om/HostedPages?c=&PageId=57"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please describe the particular STRENGTHS and GOOD PRACTICE of your NATIONAL law"]
[19,"Does your NATIONAL law provide a SUFFICIENT framework for the CRIMINALIZATION and PROSECUTION of cybercrime acts COMMITTED OUTSIDE of your country?",null,null,null,null,null,"In part"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If NO or IN PART"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please describe the MAIN GAPS in your NATIONAL law"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The gaps in this issue are the prosecution of cases concerning persons who have committed cybercrime acts outside the country."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Fundamental freedoms within international and domestic law"]
[]
[]
[null,"Freedom of Expression"]
[20,"Please describe how law in your country protects FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION in ELECTRONIC form. Please specify relevant legislation references and/or rulings.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"In accordance with Article 29 of the Basic Law of the Sultanate (the Constitution)freedom of opinion and expression in speech, writing and other means of expression is guaranteed within the limits of law. Http://mola.gov.om/Alnetham_alasasi.pdf"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Please specify whether, and under what circumstances, FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION may be RESTRICTED for the purposes of preventing or combating cybercrime.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Freedom of expression may be restricted in the case of publication of news, data or false or inflammatory rumours such as to undermine the prestige of the State or undermine confidence in its financial status. Article 135 of the Omani Criminal Code .http://www.mola.gov.om/maraseem/947/96-2011.pdf / In accordance with Article 26 of the Law on publishing and publications, this is also the case of  anything that may prejudice the safety of the State or its internal or external security, anything related to military and security facilities, and regulations and bylaws, and any confidential documents or information or news or official contacts without the permission of the competent authorities. The publication of the texts of agreements or treaties concluded by the Government is also prohibited before they have been published in the Official Gazette. http://www.mola.gov.om/maraseem/947/95-2011.pdf"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Protection of Privacy"]
[21,"Please describe how law PROTECTS PRIVACY in the context of COMPUTER DATA or ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION. Please specify relevant legislation references and/or rulings.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The fundamental rights guaranteed by the Basic Law issued in Royal Decree 101/1996 include the confidentiality and freedom of communications, article 30 of the Law providing: \"Freedom of postal, telegraphic, telephonic and other forms of communication is sacrosanct and their confidentiality is guaranteed. Hence, it is not permitted to monitor or inspect them, reveal their contents, or delay or confiscate them except in circumstances defined by the Law and in accordance with the procedures laid down therein\".  Reaffirming what is stipulated in the Basic Law of the Sultanate, article 90 of the Code of Criminal Procedure isssued under Royal Decree No. 97/99 stipulates: \"Correspondence and cables may not be confiscated or perused, newspapers, publications and parcels may not be confiscated, conversation taking place at a private place may not be recorded, the telephone may not be tapped and the dialogue may not be recorded without the permission of the Public Prosecutor\". The previous text did not specify the quality of correspondence, but it came usually to include all correspondence without wrapping to the address to or from which it was sent. In addition, under [article] 55 of the Telecommunications Law anyone who intercepts without written consent from the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority any communications in cases other than those permitted in our our law is punishable. http://www.mola.gov.om/maraseem/843/64-2007.pdf. Furthermore, the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority has issued Decision No. 113 2009 to protect the confidentiality and privacy of user data http://mola.gov.om/qrarat/901/tra-113-2009.pdf. In addition, as indicated in article 92 of the same law, the public prosecutor is the only one authorized to examine transmitters, cables and papers seized, in the possession of the accused or sent to him/her, in his her presence and record his/her observations concerning them.\nArticle 5 of the Telecommunications Law stipulates: \"Communications media may not be monitored or searched or divulged, delayed or forfeited unless they involve a breach of public order or morality or an attack on the rights of others, and without prejudice to the law of Criminal Procedure promulgated by Royal Decree No. 97 / 99.).  In addition, article 16 of the Law against Cybercrime 12/2011 provides for the protection of private life from infringement http://www.mola.gov.om/maraseem/929/2011-12.pdf\n"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Please specify HOW PRIVACY RIGHTS function as SAFEGUARDS during police cybercrime investigations.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"There is no special law in the Sultanate to protect personal privacy and there is no special law concerning the procedural aspects of dealing with cybercrime. However, these rights are guaranteed under the Basic Law of the Sultanate issued in Royal Decree 101/1996, article 18 of which stipulates that no person may  be arrested or searched except in accordance with the provisions of the law. We also find that article 80 of the Code of Criminal Procedure stipulates that searches may be conducted only with the permission of the Public Prosecutor http://mola.gov.om/legals/ejraat_jazaeeiah/leg.pdf. Moreover, under [article] 55 of the Telecommunications Law anyone who intercepts without written consent from the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority any communications in cases other than those permitted in our our law is punishable. http://www.mola.gov.om/maraseem/843/64-2007.pdf. Furthermore, the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority has issued Decision No. 113 2009 to protect the confidentiality and privacy of user data http://mola.gov.om/qrarat/901/tra-113-2009.pdf. "]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Please specify whether, and under what specific circumstances, PRIVACY RIGHTS may be RESTRICTED for the purposes of preventing or combating cybercrime during the DETECTION and INVESTIGATION of cybercrime.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Although there is no special law on personal privacy or procedural aspects to respond to cyber-crime, in accordance with the Basic Law of the Sultanate, the general rule is the inadmissibility of infringement of those rights except in accordance with the law."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Please describe whether, and if so, how, law that PROTECTS PRIVACY applies to computer data or electronic communication OUTSIDE of your country.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"There is no specific law to protect personal privacy."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Please specify how law that PROTECTS PRIVACY applies to INVESTIGATIONS undertaken in YOUR COUNTRY by law enforcement AUTHORITIES from ANOTHER COUNTRY, in particular where informal cooperation is used.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"There is no specific law to protect personal privacy."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Data Protection"]
[22,"Please describe how law PROTECTS the handling of PERSONAL DATA. Please specify relevant legislation references and/or rulings.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"There are no special laws guaranteeing protection of personal data but there are some provisions in Chapter VII of the Electronic Transactions Law, promulgated by Royal Decree No. 69/2008. The general rule includes that it is not permissible to collect information and data without permission from the owner of that data. Exceptions to that are certain cases involving security, crime prevention and taxes.  The rules contained in this chapter enable the person the data concerns to update it, to know the technical methods used to protect it and also the purpose for which these data were collected: http://www.mola.gov.om/maraseem/864/69-2008.pdf. Furthermore the Telecommunications Regulation Authority has issued Decision No. 113 2009 to protect the confidentiality and privacy of user data, which contains a great many conditions and controls. http://mola.gov.om/qrarat/901/tra-113-2009.pdf. "]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If NO or IN PART"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please specify the BASIS on which DISTINCTIONS are made and the EFFECT of such distinctions"]
[23,"Does DATA PROTECTION LAW apply EQUALLY to ALL FORMS of data?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No ",null,"The Chapter contained in the Electronic Transactions Law 69/2008 stipulates only data collected for the purposes of electronic authentication services."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[24,"Please specify whether, and under what circumstances, EXCEPTIONS to DATA PROTECTION LAWS may be made for the purposes of preventing or combating cybercrime.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Article 43 of the Electronic Transactions Law stipulates: \"Any government body or authentication service provider may collect personal data directly from the concerned person or from others after his/her explicit approval, only for the purpose of issuing a certificate or keeping it or facilitating such issuing or keeping. It is not permitted to collect or process or use such data for any other purpose without the explicit consent of the person from whom such data is collected\". This shows us that the general rule stipulated by the law is to protect personal data that is not stored or processed without the explicit consent of the persons concerned.However, as an exception to the general rule, the legislature authorized access to personal data, disclosed or made available or processed without the explicit consent of the persons concerned in specific cases limited to the following: (1) If that is necessary for the purpose of preventing or detecting crime, on the basis of a formal request by the investigating authorities; (2) If required or authorized by any law or by court order; (3) If the data is necessary for the assessment or collection of any tax or fee;\n4. If processing is necessary to protect the vital interests of the person from whom the data has been gathered.          \n"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,1,"Prevention"]
[null,2,"Criminalization"]
[null,3,"Jurisdiction"]
[null,4,"Investigative measures"]
[null,5,"Electronic evidence"]
[null,6,"International cooperation"]
[null,7,"Public-private cooperation"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[null,1,"Legislation attached"]
[null,2,"Web link provided"]
[]
[null,1,"Arabic League Model Law (2004)"]
[null,2,"Caribbean Region (HIPCAR) Cybercrime Model Legislative Framework (2010)"]
[null,3,"Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Cooperation Agreement on Computer Crimes (2001)"]
[null,4,"Commonwealth Model Law Computer Crime (2002)"]
[null,5,"Commonwealth Model Law Electronic Evidence (2002)"]
[null,6,"Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime (2001)"]
[null,7,"Council of Europe Convention on Cyberc. Addition Protocol (2003)"]
[null,8,"Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children (2007)"]
[null,9,"ECOWAS Draft African Convention on Cyberlegislation (2011)"]
[null,10,"ECOWAS Draft Directive on Cybercrime (2009)"]
[null,11,"European Union E-Commerce Directive (2000)"]
[null,12,"European Union FD Non-cash Payment (2001)"]
[null,13,"European Union FD Child Pornography (2003)"]
[null,14,"European Union FD Attacks against Information Systems (2005)"]
[null,15,"European Union Data Retention Directive (2005)"]
[null,88,"Other (please specify): "]
[]
[null,1,"Yes"]
[null,0,"No"]
[]
[null,1,"Very highly harmonized"]
[null,2,"Highly harmonized"]
[null,3,"Somewhat harmonized"]
[null,4,"Partially harmonized"]
[null,5,"Not at all harmonized"]
[]
[null,1,"Civil law"]
[null,2,"Common law"]
[null,3,"Islamic law"]
[null,4,"Mixed system (please specify):"]
[null,88,"Other (please specify):"]
[]
[null,1,"Yes, proposal(s) adopted, not yet in force"]
[null,2,"Yes, proposal(s) before legislature"]
[null,3,"Yes, Proposal(s) under consultatation"]
[null,4,"Yes, proposal(s) at draft stage"]
[null,0,"None planned"]
[]
[null,1,"Yes"]
[null,0,"No "]
[null,2,"In part"]

{"sheet":"Legislation II","index":5,"n_rows":171,"n_cols":20,"rows_kept":171,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[138,9,138,21],[130,6,132,8],[130,9,132,13],[130,14,132,16],[127,14,129,16],[121,1,123,5],[121,6,123,8],[146,9,149,21],[131,1,132,5],[140,1,145,5],[140,7,143,8],[140,9,143,21],[127,1,129,5],[127,6,129,8],[127,9,129,13],[139,9,139,21],[130,1,130,5],[145,9,145,21],[144,9,144,21],[121,14,123,16],[127,17,129,21],[130,17,132,21],[121,17,123,21],[124,17,126,21],[124,1,126,5],[124,6,126,8],[124,9,126,13],[124,14,126,16],[121,9,123,13],[118,1,120,5],[118,6,120,8],[118,9,120,13],[118,14,120,16],[118,17,120,21],[115,1,117,5],[115,6,117,8],[115,9,117,13],[115,14,117,16],[115,17,117,21],[112,1,114,5],[112,6,114,8],[112,9,114,13],[112,14,114,16],[112,17,114,21],[109,1,111,5],[109,6,111,8],[109,9,111,13],[109,14,111,16],[109,17,111,21],[106,1,108,5],[106,6,108,8],[106,9,108,13],[106,14,108,16],[106,17,108,21],[103,1,105,5],[103,6,105,8],[103,9,105,13],[103,14,105,16],[103,17,105,21],[100,9,102,13],[100,14,102,16],[85,10,85,21],[84,10,84,21],[95,6,99,8],[95,9,99,13],[95,14,99,16],[95,17,99,21],[100,17,102,21],[86,10,89,21],[93,1,93,21],[100,1,102,5],[100,6,102,8],[63,7,66,9],[63,10,66,11],[63,12,66,21],[67,7,70,9],[67,10,70,11],[67,12,70,21],[78,1,81,5],[78,7,81,9],[78,10,78,21],[79,10,79,21],[80,10,83,21],[71,7,74,9],[71,10,74,11],[71,12,74,21],[48,1,48,6],[48,7,50,9],[48,10,50,12],[48,17,48,18],[48,13,50,15],[49,1,50,6],[49,16,50,16],[49,17,50,18],[55,1,59,5],[55,7,58,9],[55,10,58,11],[55,12,58,21],[59,7,62,9],[59,10,62,11],[59,12,62,21],[54,12,54,21],[49,19,50,21],[48,19,48,21],[44,17,44,18],[47,17,47,18],[47,19,47,21],[44,19,44,21],[45,17,45,18],[45,19,45,21],[46,17,46,18],[46,19,46,21],[43,17,43,18],[43,19,43,21],[46,1,47,6],[46,7,47,9],[46,10,47,12],[46,13,47,15],[42,1,43,6],[42,7,43,9],[42,10,43,12],[42,13,43,15],[44,7,45,9],[44,10,45,12],[44,13,45,15],[44,1,45,6],[41,17,41,18],[41,19,41,21],[42,17,42,18],[42,19,42,21],[40,17,40,18],[40,19,40,21],[30,17,30,18],[30,19,30,21],[37,1,37,21],[38,19,38,21],[35,1,36,6],[38,1,39,6],[29,1,30,6],[33,1,34,6],[33,13,34,15],[33,17,33,18],[38,10,39,12],[40,1,41,6],[40,7,41,9],[40,10,41,12],[40,13,41,15],[8,16,15,18],[8,19,15,21],[8,7,15,9],[8,10,15,12],[8,13,15,15],[38,13,39,15],[38,17,38,18],[33,19,33,21],[39,17,39,18],[39,19,39,21],[35,7,36,9],[35,10,36,12],[35,13,36,15],[35,17,35,18],[35,19,35,21],[36,17,36,18],[36,19,36,21],[38,7,39,9],[31,19,31,21],[31,7,32,9],[33,7,34,9],[33,10,34,12],[32,17,32,18],[31,13,32,15],[1,1,3,21],[5,1,5,21],[7,10,7,18],[7,19,7,21],[22,7,23,9],[18,19,18,21],[19,19,19,21],[20,10,21,12],[20,13,21,15],[18,10,19,12],[20,19,20,21],[16,7,16,21],[17,1,17,21],[22,19,22,21],[18,1,19,6],[18,7,19,9],[20,17,20,18],[21,19,21,21],[22,10,23,12],[22,13,23,15],[22,17,22,18],[23,19,23,21],[18,17,18,18],[23,17,23,18],[28,1,28,21],[29,13,30,15],[29,17,29,18],[29,7,30,9],[24,7,25,9],[24,10,25,12],[24,13,25,15],[31,17,31,18],[34,17,34,18],[31,1,32,6],[27,19,27,21],[26,19,26,21],[29,10,30,12],[29,19,29,21],[31,10,32,12],[24,19,24,21],[25,17,25,18],[25,19,25,21],[24,17,24,18],[34,19,34,21],[26,1,27,6],[26,17,26,18],[27,17,27,18],[32,19,32,21],[21,17,21,18],[24,1,25,6],[22,1,23,6],[19,17,19,18],[20,1,21,6],[20,7,21,9],[18,13,19,15],[26,7,27,9],[26,10,27,12],[26,13,27,15]]}
[]
[null,"Substantive and procedural criminal laws establish offences, investigatory measures, and punishments necessary for the prevention and combating of cybercrime. This legislation section contains questions about cyber-specific and general legislation governing cybercrime acts as well as procedural issues and cybercrime investigative measures."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Legislation governing criminal offences"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If NOT a criminal offence"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Are these acts covered by a CYBER-SPECIFIC or GENERAL CRIMINAL OFFENCE in your national law?",null,null,"IF CYBER-SPECIFIC, please describe any MAIN DIFFERENCES between the definition in your law and the DESCRIPTION PROVIDED in this questionnaire ",null,null,"Please specify the LEGAL REFERENCE (Legislation name and article number or ruling) for the CYBER-SPECIFC and/or GENERAL offence",null,null,"Please specify the minimum and maximum PENALTY for the offence",null,null,"Please specify HOW these acts are addressed in law in your country"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Acts against (the confidentiality, integrity and availability of) computer data and systems"]
[25,"Illegal access to a computer system",null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, cyber-specific offence",null,null,"There is no difference except that national law ensure, in addition to illegal entry and illegal stay, exceeding the authority granted",null,null,"Law against Cybercrime, 12/2011",null,null,"MIN:","1 month's imprisonment +100 Omani riyal fine"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"MAX:","6 months' imprisonment +500 Omani riyal fine"]
[26,"Illegal access, interception or acquisition of computer data",null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, cyber-specific offence",null,null,"There is no difference.",null,null,"Law against Cybercrime, 12/2011",null,null,"MIN:","1 month's imprisonment + 500 Omani riyal fine"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"MAX:","1 year's imprisonment + 20,000 Omani riyal fine"]
[27,"Illegal data interference or system damage",null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, cyber-specific offence",null,null,"There is no difference.",null,null,"Law against Cybercrime, 12/2011",null,null,"MIN:","1 year's imprisonment 3000 Omani riyal fine"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"MAX:","3 years' imprisonment + 10,000 Omani riyal fine"]
[28,"Production, distribution or possession of computer misuse tools",null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, cyber-specific offence",null,null,"There is no difference.",null,null,"Law against Cybercrime, 12/2011",null,null,"MIN:","6 months' imprisonment + 3000 Omani riyal fine"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"MAX:","3 years' imprisonment + 15,000 Omani riyal fine"]
[29,"Breach of privacy or data protection measures",null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, cyber-specific offence",null,null,"It differs somewhat, as the law criminalizes the use of information technology to violate the sanctity of the private or family life of individuals by taking pictures or publishing news or audio or video recordings concerning them, even if they are true, or to act unjustly to others through libel or slander.",null,null,"Law against Cybercrime, 12/2011, article 16",null,null,"MIN:","1 year's imprisonment + 1000 Omani riyal fine"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"MAX:","3 years' imprisonment + 5000 Omani riyal fine."]
[null,"Computer-related acts for personal or financial gain"]
[30,"Computer-related fraud or forgery",null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, cyber-specific offence",null,null,"There is no difference.",null,null,"Law against Cybercrime, 12/2011, article 12",null,null,"MIN:","1 year's imprisonment + 1000 Omani riyal fine"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"MAX:","3 years' imprisonment + 3000 Omani riyal fine"]
[31,"Computer-related identity offences",null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, general offence",null,null,"There are some differences in that the law makes it an offence to obtain identity by unlawful means and claim it as one’s own by taking another person’s name.",null,null,"Civil Status law, Article 5, paragraph (e).",null,null,"MIN:"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"MAX:","Imprisonment + a 500 Omani riyal fine."]
[32,"Computer-related copyright and trademark offences",null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, cyber-specific offence",null,null,"There is no difference.",null,null,"Law against Cybercrime, 12/2011, article 26",null,null,"MIN:","6 months' imprisonment + 3000 Omani riyal fine"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"MAX:","3 years' imprisonment + 15,000 Omani riyal fine"]
[33,"Sending or controlling sending of SPAM",null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, cyber-specific offence",null,null,"There are differences as the law provided for the punishment of anyone who intentionally and unlawfully enters an information system or Internet network in a way that stops it working or disables it.",null,null,null,null,null,"MIN:"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"MAX:"]
[null,"Specific computer-related acts"]
[34,"Computer-related acts causing personal harm",null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, cyber-specific offence",null,null,"There is no difference.",null,null,"Law against Cybercrime , 18",null,null,"MIN:","1 month's imprisonment + 1000 Omani riyal fine; up to 3 years' imprisosnment + 3000 Omani riyal fine."]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"MAX:","3 years' imprisonment + 3000 Omani riyal fine; up to 10 years' imprisonment + 10,000 Omani riyal fine."]
[35,"Computer-related acts involving racism and xenophobia",null,null,null,null,null,"No, not a criminal offence",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"MIN:"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"MAX:"]
[36,"Computer-related production, distribution or possession of child pornography",null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, cyber-specific offence",null,null,"There are no differences except that national law does not limit it to children but criminalizes it in general and increases the penalty if the subject of the offence is a juvenile.",null,null,"Law against Cybercrime, 12/2011, article 14",null,null,"MIN:","1 month's imprisonment + a 100 Omani riyal fine; up to 1 year's imprisonment  + 1000 Omani riyal fine."]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"MAX:","1 year's imprisonment + 1000 Omani riyal fine; up to 3 years' imprisonment + 5000 Omani riyal fine."]
[37,"Computer-related solicitation or 'grooming' of children",null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, cyber-specific offence",null,null,"There are no differences except that national law did not limit it to children but criminalizes it in general and increases the penalty if the subject of the offence is a juvenile.",null,null,"Law against Cybercrime, 12/201",null,null,"MIN:","3 years' imprisonment + 3000 Omani riyal fine; up to5 years' imprisonment + 5000 Omani riyal fine."]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"MAX:","5 years' imprisonment + 5000 Omani riyal fine; up to 10 years' imprisonment + 10,000 [-50,000 ?] Omani riyal fine."]
[38,"Computer-related acts in support of terrorism offences",null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, cyber-specific offence",null,null,"There is no difference",null,null,"Law against Cybercrime, 12/201, article 20",null,null,"MIN:","Indefinite imprisonment and a 100,000 Omani riyal fine."]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"MAX:","Indefinite imprisonment and a 200,000 Omani riyal fine."]
[39,"Other (Please specify)",null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, cyber-specific offence",null,null,null,null,null,"Law against Cybercrime, 12/201, article 22",null,null,"MIN:","10 years' imprisonment + 20,000 Omani riyal fine."]
[null,"Human Trafficking: Setting up a website or publishing information on the Internet or an information technology device for the purpose of trafficking in human beings or its facilitation.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"MAX:","15 years' imprisonment + 50,000 Omani riyal fine."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please describe any EXCEPTIONS to the general rule"]
[40,"For the CRIMINAL OFFENCES listed above, please specify whether, IN GENERAL:",null,null,null,null,null,"OFFENCES are limited to INTENTIONAL ACTS only?",null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"ATTEMPTS to commit the offence are CRIMINALIZED?",null,null,"Yes",null,"Sentenced to half the legally established maximum penalty for the offence. Article 30 of the Law against Cybercrime, 12/201."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"ACTS PREPARATORY to the offence are CRIMINALIZED?",null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"COMPANIES (or their DIRECTORS) can be CRIMINALLY LIABLE for the offence?",null,null,"Yes",null,"A legal person is punished by a fine equal to twice the maximum fine prescribed for the offence by law, if the crime was committed in its name or on its account by the Chairman or a member of its Board of Directors or by a director or other officer acting in that capacity or with his consent or gross negligence. Article 29 of the Law against Cybercrime."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"OMISSIONS are CRIMINALIZED?",null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[41,"Does NATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW currently provide a SUFFICIENT framework for CRIMINALIZATION of acts of cybercrime ?",null,null,null,null,null,"In part ",null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please describe the particular STRENGTHS and GOOD PRACTICE of your CRIMINAL law"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If NO or IN PART"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please describe the MAIN GAPS in your CRIMINAL law"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Procedural aspects for dealing with cyber crime investigation and trial, and how to deal with digital evidence as the law only [word missing ?] between the substantive provisions and does not mention the procedural aspects."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Legislation governing procedures and investigative measures"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,"Is the INVESTIGATIVE MEASURE authorized by CYBER-SPECIFIC law?",null,null,"If yes, please specify the relevant LEGISLATION and ARTICLE number(s) or ruling",null,null,null,null,"Is the INVESTIGATIVE MEASURE authorized by GENERAL CRIMINAL PROCEDURE law?",null,null,"If yes, please specify the relevant LEGISLATION and ARTICLE number(s) or ruling"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[42,"Search for computer hardware or data",null,null,null,null,"No",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[43,"Seizure of computer hardware or data",null,null,null,null,"No",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[44,"Order for subscriber information",null,null,null,null,"No",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[45,"Order for stored traffic data",null,null,null,null,"No",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[46,"Order for stored content data",null,null,null,null,"No",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[47,"Real-time collection of traffic data",null,null,null,null,"Yes",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[48,"Real-time collection of content data",null,null,null,null,"Yes",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[49,"Expedited preservation of computer data",null,null,null,null,"Yes",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[50,"Use of remote forensic tools",null,null,null,null,"No",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[51,"Trans-border access to a computer system or data",null,null,null,null,"No",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[52,"Other (Please specify)"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please describe the particular STRENGTHS and GOOD PRACTICE of your PROCEDURAL law"]
[53,"Does PROCEDURAL law currently provides a SUFFICIENT framework for INVESTIGATION of acts of cybercrime ?",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If NO or IN PART"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please describe the MAIN GAPS in your PROCEDURAL law"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The Omani Code of Criminal Procedure does not contain special provisions on the procedural aspects of dealing with cybercrime."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,1,"Yes"]
[null,0,"No"]
[]
[null,1,"Yes, cyber-specific offence"]
[null,2,"Yes, general offence"]
[null,3,"Yes, both"]
[null,0,"No, not a criminal offence"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,1,"Administrative sanction"]
[null,2,"Civil remedies"]
[null,3,"No legal implications"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify)"]
[]
[null,1,"Yes"]
[null,0,"No"]
[null,2,"In part "]

{"sheet":"Police I","index":6,"n_rows":188,"n_cols":19,"rows_kept":188,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[134,1,137,7],[134,9,137,21],[124,1,127,7],[129,1,132,7],[129,9,132,21],[124,9,124,21],[125,9,127,21],[109,9,110,21],[99,9,102,21],[106,9,107,21],[104,1,107,7],[104,9,105,21],[99,1,102,7],[109,1,112,7],[111,9,112,21],[119,9,122,10],[119,11,122,13],[119,14,122,21],[114,11,117,13],[114,14,117,21],[114,1,117,7],[114,9,117,10],[119,1,122,7],[80,9,83,10],[80,11,83,11],[80,12,83,14],[80,15,83,21],[80,1,83,7],[92,1,92,21],[85,1,87,7],[85,9,87,21],[94,1,97,7],[94,9,95,21],[96,9,97,21],[72,15,74,21],[63,12,66,14],[63,15,66,21],[58,13,60,13],[58,14,60,14],[58,18,60,21],[68,1,70,7],[68,9,70,14],[76,1,78,7],[76,9,78,21],[63,1,66,7],[63,9,66,10],[63,11,66,11],[68,15,70,21],[72,1,74,7],[72,9,74,14],[58,1,58,6],[58,7,60,8],[58,9,60,9],[58,10,60,10],[59,1,60,6],[58,12,60,12],[58,15,60,17],[58,11,60,11],[56,1,57,6],[56,12,57,12],[48,18,49,21],[56,7,57,8],[56,9,57,9],[56,10,57,10],[56,11,57,11],[54,14,55,14],[54,13,55,13],[56,15,57,17],[50,18,51,21],[52,15,53,17],[52,18,53,21],[56,13,57,13],[56,14,57,14],[54,12,55,12],[54,15,55,17],[54,18,55,21],[56,18,57,21],[52,14,53,14],[52,1,53,6],[48,14,49,14],[54,1,55,6],[54,7,55,8],[54,9,55,9],[54,10,55,10],[54,11,55,11],[52,7,53,8],[50,1,51,6],[50,7,51,8],[48,12,49,12],[52,9,53,9],[52,10,53,10],[52,11,53,11],[52,12,53,12],[50,11,51,11],[50,9,51,9],[50,10,51,10],[50,12,51,12],[52,13,53,13],[48,11,49,11],[48,1,49,6],[48,7,49,8],[48,9,49,9],[48,10,49,10],[50,14,51,14],[50,15,51,17],[46,14,47,14],[48,13,49,13],[48,15,49,17],[46,13,47,13],[50,13,51,13],[44,1,45,6],[44,7,45,8],[44,9,45,9],[44,10,45,10],[46,11,47,11],[46,12,47,12],[44,12,45,12],[44,11,45,11],[40,1,41,6],[42,1,43,6],[42,7,43,8],[42,9,43,9],[42,10,43,10],[40,9,41,9],[46,7,47,8],[46,9,47,9],[46,10,47,10],[46,1,47,6],[40,7,41,8],[44,18,45,21],[46,18,47,21],[40,10,41,10],[40,11,41,11],[40,12,41,12],[42,15,43,17],[42,18,43,21],[42,13,43,13],[42,11,43,11],[42,14,43,14],[42,12,43,12],[40,13,41,13],[44,15,45,17],[44,14,45,14],[46,15,47,17],[44,13,45,13],[38,18,39,21],[40,15,41,17],[40,18,41,21],[40,14,41,14],[38,11,39,11],[38,12,39,12],[38,15,39,17],[36,12,37,12],[36,14,37,14],[36,15,37,17],[36,18,37,21],[34,1,35,6],[34,14,35,14],[34,7,35,8],[34,13,35,13],[36,11,37,11],[36,13,37,13],[38,13,39,13],[38,14,39,14],[36,1,37,6],[36,7,37,8],[36,9,37,9],[36,10,37,10],[38,1,39,6],[38,7,39,8],[38,9,39,9],[38,10,39,10],[30,15,31,17],[28,15,29,17],[30,18,31,21],[34,9,35,9],[34,10,35,10],[34,11,35,11],[34,12,35,12],[32,13,33,13],[32,14,33,14],[32,15,33,17],[32,18,33,21],[34,18,35,21],[30,14,31,14],[28,9,29,9],[28,10,29,10],[28,11,29,11],[28,12,29,12],[28,18,29,21],[34,15,35,17],[32,12,33,12],[28,13,29,13],[30,12,31,12],[30,11,31,11],[30,13,31,13],[32,1,33,6],[32,7,33,8],[32,9,33,9],[32,10,33,10],[30,1,31,6],[30,7,31,8],[30,9,31,9],[30,10,31,10],[32,11,33,11],[26,15,27,17],[26,18,27,21],[24,10,25,10],[24,18,25,21],[24,1,25,6],[26,14,27,14],[28,14,29,14],[24,11,25,11],[26,1,27,6],[26,7,27,8],[26,9,27,9],[26,10,27,10],[26,11,27,11],[26,12,27,12],[26,13,27,13],[28,1,29,6],[28,7,29,8],[24,14,25,14],[24,15,25,17],[23,7,23,8],[23,15,23,21],[24,13,25,13],[16,18,22,21],[24,12,25,12],[7,1,7,6],[7,7,7,17],[24,7,25,8],[24,9,25,9],[6,1,6,6],[6,7,6,17],[3,1,3,6],[8,1,8,6],[8,7,8,17],[16,9,22,11],[16,12,22,14],[14,1,14,21],[16,15,22,17],[10,1,12,21],[16,7,22,8],[1,1,1,6],[1,7,1,17],[2,1,2,6],[2,7,2,17],[5,1,5,6],[5,7,5,17],[3,7,3,17],[4,1,4,6],[4,7,4,17]]}
[]
[null,"Name of Respondent (Police):",null,null,null,null,null,"Dr. Hussain Bin Said Bin Saif Al-Ghafri"]
[null,"Functional Title:",null,null,null,null,null,"Legal Aqdvisor"]
[null,"Agency:",null,null,null,null,null,"Information Technology Authority"]
[null,"Street:",null,null,null,null,null,"Marafa Oasis / Raseel District"]
[null,"City/State/Country:",null,null,null,null,null,"Sultanate of Oman"]
[null,"Email Address:",null,null,null,null,null,"hussain.alghafri@ita.gov.om /hussain.alghafri@gmail.com"]
[null,"Telephone (country code, area code, number):",null,null,null,null,null,"0096824166673/0096899410735"]
[null,"Fax (country code, area code, number):",null,null,null,null,null,"0096824166604/0096824166605"]
[]
[null,"This section contains questions about the extent of cybercrime acts and offences encountered by and reported to police officials as well as threats, trends, and characteristics of cybercrimes encountered by police."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Police recorded offences and persons"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Are police STATISTICS for these acts available?",null,"How many OFFENCES were recorded at the national level for the following years:",null,null,"How many PERSONS were brought into formal contact for these acts for the following years:",null,null,"Do statistics correspond to a CYBER-SPECIFIC offence or a GENERAL offence?",null,null,"If CYBER-SPECIFIC, please describe any MAIN DIFFERENCES between the definition used for police statistics and the DESCRIPTION PROVIDED in this questionnaire"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2008,2009,2010,2008,2009,2010]
[54,"Acts against (the confidentiality, integrity and availability of) computer data and systems",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[55,"Illegal access to a computer system",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[56,"Illegal access, interception or acquisition of computer data",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[57,"Illegal data interference or system interference",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[58,"Production, distribution or possession of computer misuse tools",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[59,"Breach of privacy or data protection measures",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[60,"Computer-related acts for personal or financial gain"]
[]
[61,"Computer-related fraud or forgery",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[62,"Computer-related identity offences",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[63,"Computer-related copyright and trademark offences",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[64,"Sending or controlling sending of SPAM",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[65,"Specific computer-related acts"]
[]
[66,"Computer-related acts causing personal harm",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[67,"Computer-related acts involving racism and xenophobia",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[68,"Computer-related production, distribution or possession of child pornography",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[69,"Computer-related solicitation or 'grooming' of children",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[70,"Computer-related acts in support of terrorism offences",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[71,"Other (please specify)"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[72,"If your country consists of a FEDERATION of STATES, do police statistics reported above cover BOTH federal and state levels?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If NO","Please specify which level is reported above",null,null,"The Ssultanate is not a federation of states."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[73,"Is a PRINCIPAL OFFENCE RULE used for counting offences reported above?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No, the rule is not applied"]
[]
[]
[]
[74,"How are MULTIPLE (serial) offences counted by police?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"As two or more offences"]
[]
[]
[]
[75,"Where statistics for an act above are NOT AVAILABLE, please describe why.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"It may be the lack of this kind of offence or that they are treated on the basis that they are ordinary offences against people or property."]
[]
[]
[]
[76,"Overall, is the current system of police statistics SUFFICIENT for RECORDING cybercrime acts?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No",null,"If NO","Please specify what improvements are required",null,null,"Statistics on computer-related offences should be accurate, taking into account the type and means of committing the offence, whether it is international or local, and other elements. These statistics should also be published regularly so that they are available to the public for the preparation of studies, research and anti-cybercrime policies."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[77,"How are police statistics used for POLICY DEVELOPMENT in combating cybercrime?"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Assessment of cybercrime trends and threats"]
[]
[78,"HOW do cybercrime acts MOST FREQUENTLY come to the ATTENTION of the police?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Reported by individual victims"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[79,"What MEASURES have been taken to INCREASE reporting of cybercrime to the police?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Intensify awareness campaigns, either through the various media or through seminars and lectures."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[80,"On the basis of cybercrime acts encountered by police, what are the THREE MOST COMMON cybercrime acts in your country?"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Unlawfully obtaning, intercepting or acquiring computerized data; computer-related fraud or forgery; unlawfully accessing computer data or damaging a computer system."]
[]
[]
[81,"What do you consider to be the THREE MOST significant cybercrime THREATS in your country (in terms of seriousness and loss or damage)?"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Unlawfully obtaining, intercepting or acquiring computerized data; computer-related fraud or forgery; unlawfully accessing computer data or damaging a computer system."]
[]
[]
[82,"What PERCENTAGE of cybercrime acts are estimated to come to the ATTENTION of the police?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please provide further comments"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[83,"On the basis of cybercrime acts encountered by police, what PERCENTAGE of acts involve a TRANSNATIONAL DIMENSION?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please provide further comments"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[84,"What TRENDS in cybercrime acts have been observed in your country over the past FIVE years?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Increasing number of cybercrime acts"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[85,"What CHARACTERISTICS of cybercrime acts have been observed in your country over the past FIVE years?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"They are committed quietly; difficulty of detecting and tracking them; some are international in character, some local."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[86,"Please provide a short narrative describing a TYPICAL (real) cybercrime act RECENTLY IDENTIFIED by the POLICE.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"A group of foreigners who had entered the Sultanate for tourism undertook an operation to set up tools to spy on ATMs in order to obtain bank information about the clients of those banks as a first phase. Those data were then used in purchase operations via the Internet and also to make forged financial cards. The crime and the perpetrators were discovered in the process of dismantling the spying equipment, getting ready to leave the Sultanate with a huge amount of data. With them they card-reading devices, and also wireless panel keys and very small digital cameras. They were brought to trial, and sentenced to imprisonment and a fine and deportation from the country."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,1,"Yes"]
[null,0,"No"]
[]
[null,1,"Cyber-specific offence"]
[null,2,"General offence"]
[null,3,"Both"]
[]
[null,1,"Yes, the rule is applied"]
[null,2,"No, the rule is not applied"]
[null,3,"Uncertain (Please explain)"]
[]
[null,1,"As one offence"]
[null,2,"As two or more offences"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify)"]
[null,3,"Uncertain (Please provide further details)"]
[]
[null,1,"Illegal access to a computer system"]
[null,2,"Illegal access, interception or acquisition of computer data"]
[null,3,"Illegal data inteference or system damage"]
[null,4,"Production, distribution or possession of computer misuse tools"]
[null,5,"Breach of privacy or data protection measures"]
[null,6,"Computer-related fraud or forgery"]
[null,7,"Computer-related identity offences"]
[null,8,"Computer-related copyright and trademark offences"]
[null,9,"Sending or controlling sending of SPAM"]
[null,10,"Computer-related acts causing personal harm"]
[null,11,"Computer-related acts involving racism and xenophobia"]
[null,12,"Computer-related production, distribution or possession of child pornography"]
[null,13,"Computer-related solicitation or 'grooming' of children"]
[null,14,"Computer-related acts in support of terrorism offences"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify)"]
[]
[null,1,"Police investigators detect them"]
[null,2,"Reported by individual victims"]
[null,3,"Reported by friends or relatives of victims"]
[null,4,"Reported by company victims"]
[null,5,"Reported by ISPs"]
[null,6,"Reported by internet security firms"]
[null,7,"Reported by private investigators"]
[null,88,"Other (please specify)"]
[]
[null,1,"Strongly increasing number of cybercrime acts"]
[null,2,"Increasing number of cybercrime acts"]
[null,3,"Stable number of cybercrime acts"]
[null,4,"Decreasing number of cybercrime acts"]
[null,5,"Strongly decreasing number of cybercrime acts"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify)"]

{"sheet":"Police II","index":7,"n_rows":398,"n_cols":21,"rows_kept":398,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[227,1,230,7],[227,9,228,21],[229,9,230,21],[232,1,235,7],[232,9,233,21],[234,9,235,21],[248,1,251,7],[248,9,249,21],[250,9,251,21],[238,1,241,7],[238,9,239,21],[240,9,241,21],[243,1,246,7],[243,9,244,21],[245,9,246,21],[199,9,201,12],[193,9,195,12],[193,13,195,21],[180,9,184,10],[188,11,191,21],[188,9,191,10],[196,9,198,12],[178,11,178,21],[223,1,225,7],[223,9,223,14],[223,15,225,15],[223,16,223,21],[224,9,225,14],[224,16,225,21],[196,13,198,21],[179,11,179,21],[180,11,184,21],[186,11,186,21],[90,11,91,21],[102,1,102,21],[92,9,95,10],[97,1,100,7],[66,11,67,21],[32,1,34,5],[38,1,40,5],[41,1,43,5],[218,1,221,7],[218,9,219,21],[220,9,221,21],[169,14,169,21],[170,13,173,13],[170,14,173,21],[203,11,203,21],[204,11,204,21],[205,1,207,7],[205,9,207,10],[211,1,211,21],[213,1,216,7],[213,9,214,21],[215,9,216,21],[199,13,201,21],[205,11,207,21],[53,1,56,7],[44,1,44,5],[32,6,34,7],[45,1,46,5],[35,1,37,5],[17,8,19,9],[14,10,14,12],[10,6,13,7],[10,8,13,9],[15,10,16,12],[20,10,20,12],[20,6,22,7],[17,6,19,7],[48,1,51,7],[29,8,31,9],[26,8,28,9],[23,1,25,5],[23,6,25,7],[24,10,25,12],[23,8,25,9],[29,1,31,5],[35,10,35,12],[26,6,28,7],[26,17,28,21],[21,13,22,16],[44,8,46,9],[30,13,31,16],[38,6,40,7],[18,10,19,12],[38,10,38,12],[29,13,29,16],[32,10,32,12],[23,17,25,21],[23,13,23,16],[24,13,25,16],[32,17,34,21],[33,13,34,16],[29,17,31,21],[35,17,37,21],[23,10,23,12],[41,10,41,12],[45,13,46,16],[45,10,46,12],[30,10,31,12],[29,10,29,12],[36,13,37,16],[38,8,40,9],[1,1,3,21],[20,17,22,21],[14,1,16,5],[17,1,19,5],[20,1,22,5],[14,13,14,16],[15,13,16,16],[20,13,20,16],[5,1,5,21],[7,17,13,21],[7,13,13,16],[7,10,13,12],[18,13,19,16],[17,13,17,16],[21,10,22,12],[14,6,16,7],[7,6,9,9],[20,8,22,9],[14,17,16,21],[14,8,16,9],[17,17,19,21],[17,10,17,12],[60,11,60,21],[61,11,63,21],[35,13,35,16],[36,10,37,12],[44,10,44,12],[38,13,38,16],[58,11,58,21],[59,11,59,21],[48,9,49,21],[41,13,41,16],[42,10,43,12],[44,13,44,16],[41,8,43,9],[35,8,37,9],[39,10,40,12],[44,17,46,21],[39,13,40,16],[38,17,40,21],[53,9,56,21],[50,9,51,21],[42,13,43,16],[147,9,150,12],[107,13,107,21],[117,1,122,7],[117,9,121,12],[117,13,121,21],[122,9,125,12],[122,13,125,21],[78,16,78,21],[60,9,63,10],[64,11,64,21],[73,9,76,10],[73,11,76,21],[79,9,81,10],[82,9,84,10],[69,1,69,21],[79,1,83,7],[79,16,81,21],[79,11,81,15],[104,1,108,7],[60,1,63,7],[85,11,87,15],[78,11,78,15],[73,1,76,7],[108,13,109,21],[139,13,140,21],[141,13,142,21],[114,13,115,21],[157,20,158,20],[155,14,155,16],[152,18,154,20],[155,18,155,20],[157,15,158,15],[147,13,148,21],[149,13,150,21],[132,13,133,21],[126,13,131,21],[176,1,176,21],[157,14,158,14],[187,11,187,21],[157,19,158,19],[163,14,163,21],[180,1,184,7],[193,1,196,7],[165,1,168,7],[165,9,168,12],[170,9,173,12],[188,1,191,7],[155,9,158,12],[157,18,158,18],[157,16,158,16],[27,13,28,16],[32,8,34,9],[32,13,32,16],[33,10,34,12],[165,13,168,13],[165,14,168,21],[164,14,164,21],[139,9,142,12],[143,9,146,12],[151,14,151,16],[151,18,151,20],[82,16,84,21],[92,11,95,21],[104,13,104,21],[107,9,109,12],[71,11,71,21],[72,11,72,21],[82,11,84,15],[85,16,87,21],[89,11,89,21],[85,9,87,10],[105,13,106,21],[97,9,100,21],[104,9,106,12],[139,1,143,7],[92,1,95,7],[151,9,154,12],[143,13,144,21],[145,13,146,21],[111,13,112,21],[134,13,137,21],[152,14,154,16],[26,1,28,5],[29,6,31,7],[26,10,26,12],[26,13,26,16],[41,17,43,21],[65,11,65,21],[41,6,43,7],[27,10,28,12],[35,6,37,7],[132,9,137,12],[44,6,46,7],[110,9,112,12],[113,9,115,12],[110,13,110,21],[126,9,131,12],[113,13,113,21]]}
[]
[null,"This section contains questions about procedural and investigatory measures concerning cybercrime and electronic evidence, as well as law enforcement cooperation in transnational cybercrime cases, organizational capacity and training."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Use of investigative measures"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,"Is this measure used by the police for INVESTIGATION of:",null,null,null,"Who is legally entitled to AUTHORIZE this measure?",null,null,"What are the legal REQUIREMENTS for using this measure?",null,null,null,"What are the most common LEGAL and PRACTICAL obstacles to use of this measure?"]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,"Cybercrime?",null,"Non-cybercrime involving electronic evidence?"]
[]
[]
[]
[87,"Search for computer hardware or data",null,null,null,null,"Yes",null,"Yes",null,"Any prosecutor",null,null,"Evidence of a cybercrime act"]
[]
[]
[88,"Seizure of computer hardware or data",null,null,null,null,"Yes",null,"Yes",null,"Any prosecutor",null,null,"Evidence of a cybercrime act"]
[]
[]
[89,"Order for subscriber information",null,null,null,null,"Yes",null,"Yes",null,"Any prosecutor",null,null,"Evidence of a cybercrime act"]
[]
[]
[90,"Order for stored traffic data",null,null,null,null,"Yes",null,"Yes",null,"Any prosecutor",null,null,"Evidence of a cybercrime act"]
[]
[]
[91,"Order for stored content data",null,null,null,null,"Yes",null,"Yes",null,"Any prosecutor",null,null,"Evidence of a cybercrime act"]
[]
[]
[92,"Real-time collection of traffic data",null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[93,"Real-time collection of content data",null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[94,"Expedited preservation of computer data",null,null,null,null,"Yes",null,"Yes",null,"Any prosecutor"]
[]
[]
[95,"Use of remote forensic tools",null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[96,"Trans-border access to a computer system or data",null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[97,"Other (Please specify)"]
[]
[]
[]
[98,"What are the THREE MOST COMMONLY USED measures for investigating cybercime?"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[99,"Please provide a short narrative describing GOOD PRACTICE for the use of a COMMON INVESTIGATIVE MEASURE in a TYPICAL (real) cybercrime case"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please DESCRIBE the limits and safeguards that are applied"]
[100,"Do LIMITS and SAFEGUARDS on the use of investigative measures EXIST?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes",null,"Supervision of the measure by the court or prosecutor"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Time limits on the use of a measure"]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please specify the legal basis of the limits and safeguards"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Primary legislation"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Obtaining information from third parties and service providers"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please describe in WHAT WAYS"]
[101,"In general, can law enforcement agencies COMPEL persons or companies in your country who are NOT the DIRECT TARGET of an investigation to provide information?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Where such data is STORED",null,null,null,null,"In REAL-TIME"]
[102,"Please describe the PRACTICAL and LEGAL procedures (such as a police letter or court order) used to obtain the following information from service providers:",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Subscriber information",null,"On the basis of an order by the public prosecutor during the investigation process of gathering information about or investigating a cybercrime or on the order of the court during the trial.",null,null,null,null,"On the basis of an order by the public prosecutor during the investigation process of gathering information about or investigating a cybercrime or on the order of the court during the trial."]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Traffic data",null,"On the basis of an order by the public prosecutor during the investigation process of gathering information about or investigating a cybercrime or on the order of the court during the trial.",null,null,null,null,"On the basis of an order by the public prosecutor during the investigation process of gathering information about or investigating a cybercrime or on the order of the court during the trial."]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Content data",null,"On the basis of an order by the public prosecutor during the investigation process of gathering information about or investigating a cybercrime or on the order of the court during the trial.",null,null,null,null,"On the basis of an order by the public prosecutor during the investigation process of gathering information about or investigating a cybercrime or on the order of the court during the trial."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please specify the NATURE of the relationship and the TYPE of INFORMATION exchanged on an INFORMAL BASIS"]
[]
[103,"Do law enforcement agencies in your country maintain INFORMAL WORKING RELATIONSHIPS with service providers?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[104,"Please provide a short narrative describing GOOD PRACTICE for obtaining information relevant to a cybercrime investigation from a SERVICE PROVIDER.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"In an offence involving the use of a websites to defame a person, a service provider company was approached in order to obtain some data on the location where the offence was committed in order to reach the culprit."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Cooperation in cross-national investigations"]
[]
[105,"How do law enforcement agencies in your country MOST OFTEN OBTAIN the following types of electronic evidence LOCATED in ANOTHER JURISDICTION:",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Data stored on a suspect's computer?",null,null,null,"Formal mutual legal assistance request"]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Subscriber information from a service provider? ",null,null,null,"Formal mutual legal assistance request"]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Traffic data from a service provider?",null,null,null,"Formal mutual legal assistance request"]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Content data from a service provider?",null,null,null,"Formal mutual legal assistance request"]
[]
[]
[]
[106,"If INFORMAL COOPERATION with law enforcement agencies in other countries is used in cybercrime investigations, please specify:",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The EXTENT to which informal cooperation is used rather than formal/MLA channels ",null,null,null,"Cooperation with law enforcement agencies takes place offically through official channels on the basis of conventions and memoranda of understanding."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"WHO is authorized to decide which method of cooperation should be used",null,null,null,"Not applicable."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"With WHICH COUNTRIES forms of informal cooperation in the area of cybercrime have been established ",null,null,null,"Not applicable."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The FORMS of informal cooperation available from law enforcement agencies in your country (without need for a formal/MLA request)"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Not applicable."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[107,"If your country has designated a FOCAL POINT for cooperation in cybercrime (such as a 24/7 NETWORK POINT OF CONTACT), please specify:",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Which INSTITUTION serves as the FOCAL POINT",null,null,null,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The Royal Police of Oman."]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The THREE MOST COMMON cybercrime acts to which requests relate",null,null,null,"Computer-related production, distribution or possession of child pornography"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Unlawfully obtaining, intercepting or acquiring computerized data; unlawfully accessing computer data or a computer system"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The THREE MOST COMMON TYPES of requests",null,null,null,"Real-time traffic data from a service provider"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Stored traffic data from a service provider; identity of the subscriber or information about him/her, in relation to a suspect."]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The AVERAGE TIME taken (IN DAYS) for a RESPONSE",null,null,null,null,"REQUESTS SENT",null,null,null,"REQUESTS RECEIVED"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The number of REQUESTS RECEIVED AND SENT by the focal point in the following years",null,null,null,null,"REQUESTS SENT",null,null,null,"REQUESTS RECEIVED"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2008,2009,2010,null,2008,2009,2010]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please specify under WHICH AGREEMENTS"]
[108,"Is TRANS-BORDER access to a computer system or computer data in your country by FOREIGN law enforcement agencies permissible:",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Where bilateral or multilateral cooperation agreements exist?",null,null,null,"Yes","There is no agreement that allows that currently."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please specify under WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"In the absence of bilaterial or multilateral cooperation agreements?",null,null,null,"Yes"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Capacities and electronic evidence"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please briefly describe AVAILABLE RESOURCES"]
[109,"Do law enforcement agencies in your country have SUFFICIENT RESOURCES (electricity, hardware, software, internet access) to use such INVESTIGATIVE MEASURES and to analyse ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes",null,"There are resources, but not enough. In addition, the human resources dealing with these resources need ongoing, specialized training."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please briefly describe AVAILABLE CAPACITIES"]
[110,"Do law enforcement agencies in your country have the CAPABILITY to carry out electronic forensics, including through forensic examination software?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[111,"Please describe how ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE is:",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Collected in a way that maintains the integrity of the evidence"]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Stored to protect against degradation or damage"]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Transferred to the prosecutor or court for use in a criminal trial"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"How do law enforcement agencies ADDRESS this challenge?"]
[112,"Is ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE often ENCRYPTED by suspects?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Institutional capacity and training "]
[]
[113,"Which description best matches the LAW ENFORCEMENT STRUCTURE for preventing and combating cybercrime in your country?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"There is a special section in the Department of Crime Control ROP to respond to cybercrime. It was started by the National Centre for Computer Security (oman cert) In 2011 a special department was created to investigate cybercrime."]
[]
[]
[114,"If NO SEPARATE agency or unit exists for the investigation of cybercrime, are there PLANS to CREATE any new such structure?"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[115,"How many SPECIALIZED OFFICERS are assigned to investigating cybercrime?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"FULL TIME",null,null,null,null,null,null,"PART TIME"]
[]
[]
[]
[116,"How would you rate the TECHNICAL CAPACITIES of SPECIALIZED OFFICERS?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Specialized officers have intermediate IT skills and some sophisticated computer equipment "]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[117,"What SUBJECT MATTER AREAS are covered by training received by SPECIALIZED OFFICERS?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Computer data evidence preservation"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Cybercrime prevention approaches; basic Internet structure and concepts, e.g. the address (computer number) according to the Internet Protocol (IP)."]
[]
[]
[]
[118,"How often do SPECIALIZED OFFICERS receive TRAINING on the investigation of cybercrime?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Regular training - more than twice a year"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[119,"WHO is responsible for providing TRAINING to SPECIALIZED OFFICERS?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Training unit of the national police"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[120,"Do regular (NON-SPECIALIZED) OFFICERS receive TRAINING in the investigation of cybercrime?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, on basic internet structure and concepts only"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,1,"Yes"]
[null,0,"No"]
[]
[null,1,"Any police officer"]
[null,2,"A senior police officer"]
[null,3,"Any prosecutor"]
[null,4,"A senior prosecutor"]
[null,5,"An investigating judge"]
[null,6,"A magistrate"]
[null,7,"A lower court"]
[null,8,"A higher court"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[null,1,"Report of a cybercrime act"]
[null,2,"Report of a serious cybercrime act"]
[null,3,"Evidence of a cybercrime act"]
[null,4,"Evidence of a serious cybercrime act"]
[null,5,"Risk of damage to a computer or victim"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[null,1,"Search for computer hardware or data"]
[null,2,"Seizure of computer hardware or data"]
[null,3,"Order for identity or subscriber information"]
[null,4,"Order for stored traffic data"]
[null,5,"Order for stored content data"]
[null,6,"Real-time collection of traffic data"]
[null,7,"Real-time collection of content data"]
[null,8,"Expedited preservation of computer data"]
[null,9,"Use of remote forensic software"]
[null,10,"Trans-border access to a computer system or data"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[null,1,"Time limits on the use of a measure"]
[null,2,"Supervision of the measure by the court or prosecutor"]
[null,3,"Restrictions on the type of data that may be accessed"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[null,1,"Primary legislation"]
[null,2,"Secondary legislation or executive decree"]
[null,3,"Court decision"]
[null,4,"Law enforcement of prosecution policy"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[null,1,"Formal mutual legal assistance request"]
[null,2,"Use of 24/7 network point of contact"]
[null,3,"Use of other form of informal police cooperation (Please describe below)"]
[null,4,"Direct contact with service provider"]
[null,5,"Trans-border access"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[]
[null,1,"General technical advice"]
[null,2,"General legal advice"]
[null,3,"Identity or subscriber information for a suspect"]
[null,4,"Provisional arrest of a suspect"]
[null,5,"Conduct of a joint investigation"]
[null,6,"Search for computer hardware or data"]
[null,7,"Seizure of computer hardware or data"]
[null,8,"Expedited preservation of computer data"]
[null,9,"Stored traffic data from a service provider"]
[null,10,"Real-time traffic data from a service provider"]
[null,11,"Stored content data from a service provider"]
[null,12,"Real-time content data from a service provider"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[null,1,"National police/law enforcement agency"]
[null,2,"Ministry of interior"]
[null,3,"Ministry of justice"]
[null,4,"Ministry of national security"]
[null,5,"General prosecutor's office"]
[null,6,"Ministry of foreign affairs"]
[null,7,"Ministry of telecommunications/technology"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[null,1,"Illegal access to a computer system"]
[null,2,"Illegal access, interception or acquisition of computer data"]
[null,3,"Illegal data inteference or system interference"]
[null,4,"Production, distribution or possession of computer misuse tools"]
[null,5,"Breach of privacy or data protection measures"]
[null,6,"Computer-related fraud or forgery"]
[null,7,"Computer-related identity offences"]
[null,8,"Computer-related copyright and trademark offences"]
[null,9,"Sending or controlling sending of SPAM"]
[null,10,"Computer-related acts causing personal harm"]
[null,11,"Computer-related acts involving racism and xenophobia"]
[null,12,"Computer-related production, distribution or possession of child pornography"]
[null,13,"Computer-related solicitation or 'grooming' of children"]
[null,14,"Computer-related acts in support of terrorism offences"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[null,0,"No training is available"]
[null,1,"Initial training on commencement of duties only"]
[null,2,"Regular training - less than twice a year"]
[null,3,"Regular training - more than twice a year"]
[null,4,"Training on new issues/topics as required"]
[null,5,"Training only when requested by officers"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[null,0,"No training is available"]
[null,1,"Legal framework for cybercrime offences and investigative techniques"]
[null,2,"Cybercrime prevention approaches"]
[null,3,"Internet structure and basic concepts, such as IP address "]
[null,4,"Seizure and examination of computers"]
[null,5,"Seizure and examination of mobile telephones"]
[null,6,"Investigation of online child exploitation or abuse"]
[null,7,"Computer data evidence preservation"]
[null,8,"Advanced internet investigations"]
[null,9,"Use of remote forensics software"]
[null,10,"International cooperation in cybercrime investigations"]
[null,11,"Investigation of computer-related terrorism offences"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[null,1,"There is a separate law enforcement agency dedicated to cybercrime (Please provide details below)"]
[null,2,"There is a specialized unit within the police dedicated to cybercrime (Please provide details below)"]
[null,3,"Other specialized units (such as organized crime/corruption) deal with cybercrime"]
[null,4,"Some police officers have specialized skills but they are not organized in a unit"]
[null,5,"Cybercrime investigations are handled by general, non-specialized officers"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[null,0,"No plans"]
[null,1,"Plans to create a new separate agency (please provide details below)"]
[null,2,"Plans to create a new unit within the police (please provide details below)"]
[null,88,"Other (please provide details)"]
[]
[null,0,"No"]
[null,1,"Yes, on basic internet structure and concepts only"]
[null,2,"Yes, on computer-related evidence preservation"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[null,0,"No training has been conducted to date"]
[null,1,"Training unit of the national police"]
[null,2,"National private sector or consultancy firm"]
[null,3,"National NGO or academic organization"]
[null,4,"International or regional organization"]
[null,5,"Foreign government authority"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[null,1,"Specialized officers have advanced IT skills and access to sophisticated computer equipment"]
[null,2,"Specialized officers have intermediate IT skills and some sophisticated computer equipment "]
[null,3,"Specialized officers have basic IT skills and intermediate-level computer equipment "]
[null,4,"Specialized officers do not have IT skills or computer equipment "]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify below)"]

{"sheet":"Prosecution I","index":8,"n_rows":113,"n_cols":20,"rows_kept":113,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[62,1,62,21],[69,1,72,7],[69,9,69,21],[70,9,72,21],[64,1,67,7],[64,9,65,21],[66,9,67,21],[56,1,57,6],[56,7,57,8],[56,9,57,11],[56,12,57,15],[59,1,60,6],[58,1,58,6],[56,18,57,18],[56,19,57,21],[58,18,60,18],[58,19,60,21],[58,16,60,16],[58,17,60,17],[56,16,57,16],[56,17,57,17],[54,17,55,17],[52,18,53,18],[52,19,53,21],[54,18,55,18],[54,19,55,21],[52,16,53,16],[52,17,53,17],[58,7,60,8],[58,9,60,11],[58,12,60,15],[54,1,55,6],[54,7,55,8],[54,9,55,11],[54,12,55,15],[52,1,53,6],[52,7,53,8],[52,9,53,11],[52,12,53,15],[54,16,55,16],[48,19,49,21],[50,1,51,6],[50,7,51,8],[50,9,51,11],[50,12,51,15],[50,18,51,18],[50,19,51,21],[48,1,49,6],[48,7,49,8],[50,16,51,16],[50,17,51,17],[46,1,47,6],[46,7,47,8],[46,9,47,11],[46,12,47,15],[48,9,49,11],[48,12,49,15],[48,16,49,16],[48,17,49,17],[48,18,49,18],[42,19,43,21],[44,16,45,16],[44,17,45,17],[44,18,45,18],[44,19,45,21],[42,16,43,16],[42,17,43,17],[46,18,47,18],[46,19,47,21],[46,16,47,16],[46,17,47,17],[44,1,45,6],[44,7,45,8],[44,9,45,11],[44,12,45,15],[42,1,43,6],[42,7,43,8],[42,9,43,11],[42,12,43,15],[42,18,43,18],[36,19,37,21],[34,16,35,16],[34,17,35,17],[38,19,39,21],[38,17,39,17],[40,1,41,6],[40,7,41,8],[40,9,41,11],[40,12,41,15],[40,16,41,16],[40,17,41,17],[40,18,41,18],[40,19,41,21],[38,12,39,15],[38,9,39,11],[38,18,39,18],[36,1,37,6],[36,7,37,8],[36,9,37,11],[36,12,37,15],[38,16,39,16],[38,1,39,6],[38,7,39,8],[36,16,37,16],[30,19,31,21],[34,1,35,6],[34,7,35,8],[34,9,35,11],[34,12,35,15],[32,16,33,16],[32,17,33,17],[32,19,33,21],[34,18,35,18],[34,19,35,21],[36,17,37,17],[28,18,29,18],[32,18,33,18],[26,9,27,11],[30,16,31,16],[30,17,31,17],[28,1,29,6],[30,1,31,6],[30,7,31,8],[32,1,33,6],[32,7,33,8],[32,9,33,11],[32,12,33,15],[30,9,31,11],[30,12,31,15],[30,18,31,18],[36,18,37,18],[4,7,4,17],[23,7,23,8],[23,9,23,15],[1,1,1,6],[1,7,1,17],[2,1,2,6],[2,7,2,17],[5,7,5,17],[6,1,6,6],[6,7,6,17],[3,1,3,6],[3,7,3,17],[28,19,29,21],[24,19,25,21],[24,12,25,15],[26,17,27,17],[28,16,29,16],[26,1,27,6],[4,1,4,6],[8,1,8,6],[7,1,7,6],[7,7,7,17],[5,1,5,6],[24,1,25,6],[8,7,8,17],[17,12,22,15],[24,9,25,11],[28,17,29,17],[10,1,12,21],[14,1,14,21],[24,18,25,18],[26,19,27,21],[26,16,27,16],[28,7,29,8],[28,9,29,11],[28,12,29,15],[24,7,25,8],[24,17,25,17],[26,12,27,15],[17,16,22,18],[26,18,27,18],[24,16,25,16],[23,19,23,21],[16,7,22,8],[16,9,16,18],[16,19,22,21],[17,9,22,11],[26,7,27,8]]}
[]
[null,"Name of Respondent (Prosecution):",null,null,null,null,null,"Dr. Hussain Bin Said Bin Saif Al=Ghafri"]
[null,"Functional Title:",null,null,null,null,null,"Legal Advisor"]
[null,"Agency:",null,null,null,null,null,"Information Technology Authority"]
[null,"Street:",null,null,null,null,null,"Marafa Oasis / Raseel District"]
[null,"City/State/Country:",null,null,null,null,null,"Sultanate of Oman"]
[null,"Email Address:",null,null,null,null,null,"hussain.alghafri@ita.gov.om /hussain.alghafri@gmail.com"]
[null,"Telephone (country code, area code, number):",null,null,null,null,null,"0096824166673/0096899410735"]
[null,"Fax (country code, area code, number):",null,null,null,null,null,"0096824166604/0096824166605"]
[]
[null,"This section contains questions about cybercrime acts and caseload volume for persons prosecuted for cybercrime as well as cybercrime trends and threats as perceived by prosecutors."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Prosecution cases and persons prosecuted"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Are prosecution STATISTICS corresponding to these acts available?",null,"IF YES",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please describe any special CHARACTERISTICS of these acts noted by prosecutors"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Do statistics correspond to a CYBER-SPECIFIC offence or a GENERAL offence?",null,null,"If CYBER-SPECIFIC, please describe any MAIN DIFFERENCES between the definition used for PROSECUTION statistics and the DESCRIPTION PROVIDED in this questionnaire",null,null,null,"How many PERSONS were prosecuted at the NATIONAL level for the following years:"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2008,2009,2010]
[121,"Acts against (the confidentiality, integrity and availability of) computer data and systems",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[122,"Illegal access to a computer system",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[123,"Illegal access, interception or acquisition of computer data",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[124,"Illegal data interference or system interference",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[125,"Production, distribution or possession of computer misuse tools",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[126,"Breach of privacy or data protection measures",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[127,"Computer-related acts for personal or financial gain"]
[]
[128,"Computer-related fraud or forgery",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[129,"Computer-related identity offences",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[130,"Computer-related copyright and trademark offences",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[131,"Sending or controlling sending of SPAM",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[132,"Specific computer-related acts"]
[]
[133,"Computer-related acts causing personal harm",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[134,"Computer-related acts involving racism and xenophobia",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[135,"Computer-related production, distribution or possession of child pornography",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[136,"Computer-related solicitation or 'grooming' of children",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[137,"Computer-related acts in support of terrorism offences",null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[138,"Other (please specify)"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Assessment of cybercrime trends and threats"]
[]
[139,"What do you consider to be the THREE MOST significant cybercrime THREATS in your country (in terms of seriousness and loss or damage)?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Computer-related acts causing personal harm"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Unlawfully accessing a computer system; Internet use in drug demand and trafficking, human trafficking, terrorist activities and arms trafficking."]
[]
[]
[140,"What TRENDS in cybercrime acts have been observed in your country over the past FIVE years?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Increasing number of cybercrime acts"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Computer-related crimes are on the rise dramatically and have also started in diversity slightly. For example, in the 2011 crime statistics there were 212 cases, and between January and April 2012 there were 129 cases - a marked increase."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,1,"Yes"]
[null,0,"No"]
[]
[null,1,"Cyber-specific offence"]
[null,2,"General offence"]
[null,3,"Both"]
[]
[null,0,"No"]
[null,1,"Yes, but only at the discretion of the court"]
[null,2,"Yes, but only when the court decides that privacy was not violated"]
[null,3,"Yes, but only when the correct authorization procedure was followed"]
[null,4,"Yes, such evidence is always admissible"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[null,1,"Illegal access to a computer system"]
[null,2,"Illegal access, interception or acquisition of computer data"]
[null,3,"Illegal data interference or system interference"]
[null,4,"Production, distribution or possession of computer misuse tools"]
[null,5,"Breach of privacy or data protection measures"]
[null,6,"Computer-related fraud or forgery"]
[null,7,"Computer-related identity offences"]
[null,8,"Computer-related copyright and trademark offences"]
[null,9,"Sending or controlling sending of SPAM"]
[null,10,"Computer-related acts causing personal harm"]
[null,11,"Computer-related acts involving racism and xenophobia"]
[null,12,"Computer-related production, distribution or possession of child pornography"]
[null,13,"Computer-related solicitation or 'grooming' of children"]
[null,14,"Computer-related acts in support of terrorism offences"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[null,1,"Strongly increasing number of cybercrime acts"]
[null,2,"Increasing number of cybercrime acts"]
[null,3,"Stable number of cybercrime acts"]
[null,4,"Decreasing number of cybercrime acts"]
[null,5,"Strongly decreasing number of cybercrime acts"]
[null,88,"Other (Please specify below)"]

{"sheet":"Prosecution II","index":9,"n_rows":205,"n_cols":17,"rows_kept":205,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[6,1,6,21],[22,11,22,21],[26,11,26,21],[27,11,28,21],[24,1,26,7],[24,9,26,10],[19,1,19,21],[23,11,23,21],[8,1,11,7],[13,9,17,21],[39,11,39,21],[36,1,38,7],[30,1,32,7],[36,9,38,10],[36,11,38,21],[30,11,30,21],[31,11,32,21],[34,11,34,21],[35,11,35,21],[72,11,72,21],[55,1,58,7],[55,9,58,21],[60,11,60,21],[61,11,61,21],[62,1,65,7],[62,9,65,10],[1,1,3,21],[62,11,65,21],[67,1,70,7],[67,9,70,21],[49,11,50,21],[51,11,51,21],[8,9,11,21],[13,1,17,7],[40,1,42,7],[49,9,51,10],[40,9,42,21],[47,11,47,21],[48,11,48,21],[49,1,53,7],[52,11,53,21],[24,11,25,21],[106,9,107,21],[108,9,109,21],[99,1,99,21],[101,1,104,7],[101,9,102,21],[103,9,104,21],[121,9,122,21],[111,9,111,14],[111,15,113,15],[111,16,111,21],[112,9,113,14],[112,16,113,21],[134,1,137,7],[115,1,117,7],[111,1,113,7],[106,1,109,7],[134,9,135,21],[136,9,137,21],[124,1,127,7],[124,9,125,21],[126,9,127,21],[129,1,132,7],[129,9,130,21],[131,9,132,21],[115,9,115,21],[116,9,117,21],[119,1,122,7],[119,9,120,21],[86,1,88,8],[89,1,91,8],[92,1,94,8],[95,1,95,8],[96,1,97,8],[73,9,79,14],[80,9,82,14],[83,9,85,14],[80,1,82,8],[83,1,85,8],[73,15,79,21],[86,15,88,21],[89,15,91,21],[80,15,82,21],[83,15,85,21],[92,15,94,21],[95,15,97,21],[92,9,94,14],[95,9,97,14],[86,9,88,14],[89,9,91,14]]}
[]
[null," This section contains questions on good practices and challenges, electronic evidence, organizational structure, specialization, and training of prosecution agencies and personnel with respect to cybercrime. "]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Good practices and challenges"]
[]
[141,"In general, what are the most common LEGAL and PRACTICAL OBSTACLES to the successful prosecution of cybercrime acts?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The difficulty of proving it, and the difficulty of adapting it to an offence. It is also cross-border and intercontinental, and takes a long time to research and investigate. It is difficult to seize the tools and equipment used, and the technical capacity of the criminals is developing enormously, while judicial and technical officers do not have the level of qualifications required."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[142,"Please provide a short narrative describing GOOD PROSECUTION PRACTICE in a TYPICAL (REAL) cybercrime case RECENTLY handled by prosecutors.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The victim filed a complaint that his email had been infiltrated by an unknown person. He first tried to communicate with the service provider company in order to retrieve the mail and this was approved. When he opened the personal settings he found that the defendant had changed the PIN and the alternate mail. He investigated these data and, with the National Centre for Computer Security, managed to reach the perpetrator through the international protocol number.  The suspect was questioned and confessed to the offence attributed to him, and the case was brought to court."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Electronic evidence"]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please specify the LEGISLATION and ARTICLE number(s) or RULING"]
[143,"Is a DISTINCTION made IN LAW between ELECTRONIC and (TRADITIONAL) PHYSICAL EVIDENCE? ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No "]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please provide the DEFINITION of ‘ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE’ "]
[]
[]
[]
[144,"Is ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE ADMISSIBLE before a court in CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, such evidence is always admissible"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please specify in what way ADMISSIBILITY rules DIFFER"]
[145,"Do ADMISSIBILITY rules DIFFER for ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE obtained from OUTSIDE the JURISDICTION? ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No "]
[]
[]
[]
[146,"Please describe any OTHER specific RULES that apply ONLY to ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please specify the LEGISLATION and ARTICLE number(s) or RULING"]
[147,"Has your country developed EVIDENTIARY LAWS specifically for CYBERCRIME? ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No "]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please SUMMARIZE the MAIN provisions"]
[]
[]
[]
[148,"Please describe approaches taken by prosecutors to ESTABLISH a clear LINK between ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE and a SPECIFIC PERPETRATOR.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The most important ways of proof in cybercrime is the existence of technical evidence linking the offence to its perpetrator. For this reason experts and technical reports are always used in digital proof.\n"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please briefly describe AVAILABLE RESOURCES"]
[149,"Do prosecution agencies in your country have SUFFICIENT RESOURCES (electricity, hardware, software, internet access) to HANDLE and to ANALYSE ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes",null,"They have some equipment for obtaining electronic evidence, but not enough, so they constantly use the National Computer Security Centre for the examination and analysis of electronic evidence and to provide technical opinions on it."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[150,"Please specify the TECHNICAL MEANS by which ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE is PRESENTED by prosecutors to the court in a CRIMINAL TRIAL. ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"In some important cases direct display to the court by computer is used, as well as bringing the evidence and tools for direct examination by the judge and a full explanation of how it works in the presence of the parties to the proceedings."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"What are the most common LEGAL and PRACTICAL obstacles to use of electronic evidence obtained by THIS INVESTIGATIVE MEASURE in SUCCESSFUL PROSECUTIONS?",null,null,null,null,null,"Please identify what LEGISLATION, amendments or PRACTICAL MEASURES could be used to address these issues"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[151,"Search for and seizure of computer hardware or data",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"There is nothing in the Code of Criminal Procedure that hinders this but in practice the to devices and tools used in the offence are difficult to trace and are either disposed of or destroyed by the criminals."]
[]
[]
[152,"Order for stored subscriber information, traffic data or content data",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"It depends on the data stored in the device that is scanned. As for the data required from telecommunications companies, they are provided directly and without undue delay."]
[]
[]
[153,"Real-time collection of traffic data or content data",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"It depends on the data stored in the device that is scanned. As for the data required from telecommunications companies, they are provided directly and without undue delay."]
[]
[]
[154,"Use of remote forensic tools",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The Public Prosecution has not yet used remote forensic tools."]
[]
[]
[155,"Trans-border access to a computer system or data",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"This may require some judicial authorizations and coordination with other countries to devise formal methods. It may not provide us with results according to the principle of confidentiality of information of the donor State."]
[]
[]
[156,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Institutional capacity and training "]
[]
[157,"Which description best matches the PROSECUTION STRUCTURE for investigation and prosecution of cybercrime in your country?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"There is a specialized unit within the general prosecutor's office dedicated to cybercrime (Please provide details below)"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The information technology cases department was set up in April 2011, and began its work on 1 October 2011. It performs the following tasks: (1) reporting procedures and complaints; (2) investigative procedures in the prosecution service; (3) conducting the prosecution (referral to the court - preservation)."]
[]
[]
[158,"If NO SEPARATE agency or unit exists for the prosecution of cybercrime, are there PLANS to CREATE any new such structure?"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[159,"How many SPECIALIZED PROSECUTORS are assigned to investigating cybercrime?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"FULL TIME",null,null,null,null,null,null,"PART TIME"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,5]
[]
[]
[160,"How would you rate the TECHNICAL CAPACITIES of SPECIALIZED PROSECUTORS?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Specialized prosecutors have basic IT skills and intermediate-level computer equipment "]
[]
[]
[]
[161,"What SUBJECT MATTER AREAS are covered by training received by SPECIALIZED PROSECUTORS assigned to the investigation and prosecution of cybercrime?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The methods used in technical analysis and technical capacities needed in the search for electronic crime and how to use this capacity in investigation and prosecution."]
[]
[]
[162,"How often do SPECIALIZED PROSECUTORS receive TRAINING on the investigation of cybercrime?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Training on new issues/topics as required"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[163,"WHO is responsible for providing TRAINING to SPECIALIZED PROSECUTORS?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Training unit of the general prosecutor's office"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[164,"Do regular (NON-SPECIALIZED) prosecutors receive TRAINING in the investigation of cybercrime?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, on basic elements of cybercrime law"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[1,"Yes"]
[0,"No "]
[]
[0,"No"]
[1,"Yes, admissible only at the discretion of the court"]
[2,"Yes, admissible only when the court decides that privacy was not violated"]
[3,"Yes, admissible only when the correct authorization procedure was followed"]
[4,"Yes, admissible only when data integrity can be demonstrated"]
[5,"Yes, such evidence is always admissible"]
[88,"Other (Please specify)"]
[]
[0,"No training is available"]
[1,"Initial training on commencement of duties only"]
[2,"Regular training - less than twice a year"]
[3,"Regular training - more than twice a year"]
[4,"Training on new issues/topics as required"]
[5,"Training only when requested by prosecutors"]
[88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[0,"No training is available"]
[1,"Legal framework for cybercrime offences and investigative techniques"]
[2,"Internet structure and basic concepts, such as IP address "]
[3,"Seizure and examination of computers"]
[4,"Seizure and examination of mobile telephones"]
[5,"Investigation of online child exploitation or abuse"]
[6,"Computer data evidence preservation"]
[7,"Advanced internet investigations"]
[8,"Use of remote forensics software"]
[9,"International cooperation in cybercrime investigations"]
[10,"Investigation of computer-related terrorism offences"]
[88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[1,"There is a separate agency dedicated to prosecution of cybercrime (Please provide details below)"]
[2,"There is a specialized unit within the general prosecutor's office dedicated to cybercrime (Please provide details below)"]
[3,"Other specialized units (such as organized crime/corruption) deal with cybercrime"]
[4,"Some prosecutors have specialized skills but they are not organized in a unit"]
[5,"Cybercrime investigations are handled by general, non-specialized prosecutors"]
[88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[0,"No plans"]
[1,"Plans to create a new separate agency (please provide details below)"]
[2,"Plans to create a new unit within the general prosecutor's office (please provide details below)"]
[88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[0,"No"]
[1,"Yes, on basic internet structure and concepts only"]
[2,"Yes, on computer-related evidence"]
[3,"Yes, on basic elements of cybercrime law"]
[88,"Other (please specify)"]
[]
[0,"No training has been conducted to date"]
[1,"Training unit of the general prosecutor's office"]
[2,"National private sector or consultancy firm"]
[3,"National NGO or academic organization"]
[4,"International or regional organization"]
[5,"Foreign government authority"]
[88,"Other (please specify)"]
[]
[1,"Specialized prosecutors have advanced IT skills and access to sophisticated computer equipment"]
[2,"Specialized prosecutors have intermediate IT skills and some sophisticated computer equipment "]
[3,"Specialized prosecutors have basic IT skills and intermediate-level computer equipment "]
[4,"Specialized prosecutors do not have IT skills or computer equipment "]
[88,"Other (Please specify below)"]

{"sheet":"Court","index":10,"n_rows":184,"n_cols":20,"rows_kept":184,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[82,9,83,21],[85,1,85,21],[79,9,80,21],[74,9,78,21],[101,9,102,21],[74,1,78,7],[87,1,90,7],[116,1,119,7],[116,9,117,21],[118,9,119,21],[98,9,99,14],[98,16,99,21],[92,1,95,7],[101,1,104,7],[113,9,114,21],[111,1,114,7],[111,9,112,21],[106,1,109,7],[106,9,107,21],[108,9,109,21],[103,9,104,21],[1,1,1,6],[1,7,1,17],[2,1,2,6],[2,7,2,17],[3,1,3,6],[3,7,3,17],[6,1,6,6],[24,18,25,18],[17,16,22,18],[10,1,12,21],[14,1,14,21],[16,7,22,8],[16,9,16,18],[16,19,22,21],[23,19,23,21],[24,19,25,21],[23,7,23,8],[4,1,4,6],[4,7,4,17],[5,1,5,6],[5,7,5,17],[7,7,7,17],[24,1,25,6],[24,7,25,8],[24,9,25,11],[24,12,25,15],[24,16,25,16],[24,17,25,17],[17,9,22,11],[6,7,6,17],[7,1,7,6],[8,1,8,6],[8,7,8,17],[23,9,23,15],[17,12,22,15],[28,1,29,6],[28,7,29,8],[28,9,29,11],[28,12,29,15],[26,18,27,18],[26,19,27,21],[28,16,29,16],[28,17,29,17],[28,18,29,18],[28,19,29,21],[26,16,27,16],[26,17,27,17],[26,1,27,6],[26,7,27,8],[26,9,27,11],[26,12,27,15],[32,16,33,16],[32,17,33,17],[32,18,33,18],[32,19,33,21],[32,1,33,6],[32,7,33,8],[32,9,33,11],[32,12,33,15],[30,18,31,18],[30,19,31,21],[30,1,31,6],[30,7,31,8],[30,9,31,11],[30,12,31,15],[30,16,31,16],[30,17,31,17],[34,16,35,16],[97,1,99,7],[97,9,97,14],[97,15,99,15],[97,16,97,21],[34,17,35,17],[36,18,37,18],[36,19,37,21],[34,18,35,18],[34,19,35,21],[36,1,37,6],[36,7,37,8],[34,1,35,6],[34,7,35,8],[34,9,35,11],[34,12,35,15],[36,9,37,11],[36,12,37,15],[92,9,93,21],[94,9,95,21],[40,1,41,6],[40,7,41,8],[87,9,88,21],[89,9,90,21],[38,19,39,21],[40,16,41,16],[40,17,41,17],[40,18,41,18],[40,19,41,21],[38,16,39,16],[38,17,39,17],[36,16,37,16],[36,17,37,17],[44,19,45,21],[44,1,45,6],[44,7,45,8],[44,9,45,11],[44,12,45,15],[44,16,45,16],[44,17,45,17],[42,19,43,21],[42,1,43,6],[42,7,43,8],[42,9,43,11],[42,12,43,15],[42,16,43,16],[42,17,43,17],[38,1,39,6],[38,7,39,8],[38,9,39,11],[38,12,39,15],[44,18,45,18],[42,18,43,18],[40,9,41,11],[40,12,41,15],[38,18,39,18],[46,18,47,18],[46,19,47,21],[48,18,49,18],[48,1,49,6],[48,7,49,8],[48,16,49,16],[48,17,49,17],[50,19,51,21],[48,19,49,21],[46,1,47,6],[46,7,47,8],[46,9,47,11],[46,12,47,15],[48,9,49,11],[48,12,49,15],[46,16,47,16],[46,17,47,17],[50,1,51,6],[50,7,51,8],[50,9,51,11],[50,12,51,15],[50,16,51,16],[52,17,53,17],[52,18,53,18],[52,19,53,21],[54,9,55,11],[50,17,51,17],[50,18,51,18],[54,1,55,6],[52,1,53,6],[54,18,55,18],[54,12,55,15],[54,16,55,16],[54,17,55,17],[52,7,53,8],[52,9,53,11],[52,12,53,15],[52,16,53,16],[54,19,55,21],[56,17,57,17],[56,18,57,18],[56,19,57,21],[54,7,55,8],[58,16,60,16],[58,17,60,17],[58,18,60,18],[58,19,60,21],[81,9,81,21],[62,1,62,21],[64,1,67,7],[64,9,67,21],[69,1,72,7],[69,9,72,21],[58,1,58,6],[58,7,60,8],[58,9,60,11],[58,12,60,15],[59,1,60,6],[56,7,57,8],[56,9,57,11],[56,12,57,15],[56,16,57,16],[56,1,57,6]]}
[]
[null,"Name of Respondent (Court):",null,null,null,null,null,"Dr. Hussain Bin Said Bin Saif Al=Ghafri"]
[null,"Functional Title:",null,null,null,null,null,"Legal Advisor"]
[null,"Agency:",null,null,null,null,null,"Information Technology Authority"]
[null,"Street:",null,null,null,null,null,"Marafa Oasis / Raseel District"]
[null,"City/State/Country:",null,null,null,null,null,"Sultanate of Oman"]
[null,"Email Address:",null,null,null,null,null,"hussain.alghafri@ita.gov.om /hussain.alghafri@gmail.com"]
[null,"Telephone (country code, area code, number):",null,null,null,null,null,"0096824166673/0096899410735"]
[null,"Fax (country code, area code, number):",null,null,null,null,null,"0096824166604/0096824166605"]
[]
[null,"This section contains questions about cybercrime acts and caseload volume for persons brought before the court as well as questions on organizational structure, specialization, and training of courts and personnel with respect to cybercrime. "]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Court cases and persons convicted"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Are court STATISTICS corresponding to these acts available?",null,"IF YES",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please describe any special CHARACTERISTICS of these acts noted by the courts"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Do statistics correspond to a CYBER-SPECIFIC offence or a GENERAL offence?",null,null,"If CYBER-SPECIFIC, please describe any MAIN DIFFERENCES between the definition used for COURT statistics and the DESCRIPTION PROVIDED in this questionnaire",null,null,null,"How many PERSONS were convicted at the national level for the following years:"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2008,2009,2010]
[165,"Acts against (the confidentiality, integrity and availability of) computer data and systems"]
[]
[166,"Illegal access to a computer system"]
[]
[167,"Illegal access, interception or acquisition of computer data"]
[]
[168,"Illegal data interference or system interference"]
[]
[169,"Production, distribution or possession of computer misuse tools"]
[]
[170,"Breach of privacy or data protection measures"]
[]
[171,"Computer-related acts for personal or financial gain"]
[]
[172,"Computer-related fraud or forgery"]
[]
[173,"Computer-related identity offences"]
[]
[174,"Computer-related copyright and trademark offences"]
[]
[175,"Sending or controlling sending of SPAM"]
[]
[176,"Specific computer-related acts"]
[]
[177,"Computer-related acts causing personal harm"]
[]
[178,"Computer-related acts involving racism and xenophobia",null,null,null,null,null,"No "]
[]
[179,"Computer-related production, distribution or possession of child pornography"]
[]
[180,"Computer-related solicitation or 'grooming' of children"]
[]
[181,"Computer-related acts in support of terrorism offences",null,null,null,null,null,"No "]
[]
[182,"Other (Please specify)"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Good practices and challenges"]
[]
[183,"From the perspective of the COURT, please describe the important ELEMENTS for a SUCCESSFUL CONVICTION in cybercrime cases.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"There is strong substantiating evidence collected and examined in an appropriate scientific manner, a judiciary capable of confronting perpetrators and understanding cybercrime, new, sophisticated legislative texts, and experts in the analysis of digital evidence to give their opinion."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[184,"In general, what are the most common LEGAL and PRACTICAL obstacles to the successful convictions in cybercrime cases?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The judge not incorporating the concept of computer crime and what digital evidence is. "]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[185,"Please provide a short narrative describing GOOD COURT PRACTICE in a TYPICAL (REAL) cybercrime case RECENTLY handled by the courts."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Where available, please attach a SUMMARY or FULL JUDGMENT OF THE CASE described above, or provide a direct WEB LINK to publicly available judgments"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Institutional capacity and training "]
[]
[186,"Which description best matches the COURT STRUCTURE for CYBERCRIME CRIMINAL cases in your country?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Cybercrime cases are handled by general, non-specialized criminal courts"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[187,"If NO SEPARATE court structure exists for CYBERCRIME CRIMINAL cases, are there PLANS to CREATE any new such structure?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Other (Please provide details below)"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Judges are currently being trained to deal with cybercrime at the Higher Institute of the Judiciary."]
[]
[]
[188,"How many SPECIALIZED JUDGES are assigned to investigating cybercrime?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"FULL TIME",null,null,null,null,null,null,"PART TIME"]
[]
[]
[]
[189,"What SUBJECT MATTER AREAS are covered by training received by SPECIALIZED JUDGES assigned to CYBERCRIME CRIMINAL cases?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"There are no judges specialized in criminal cases related to cybercrime."]
[]
[]
[190,"How often do SPECIALIZED JUDGES receive TRAINING on the investigation of cybercrime?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Training on new issues/topics as required"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[191,"WHO is responsible for providing TRAINING to SPECIALIZED JUDGES?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Administrative Affairs Council: http://www.mola.gov.om/maraseem/963/10-2012.pdf"]
[]
[]
[192,"Do regular (NON-SPECIALIZED) JUDGES receive TRAINING in the investigation of cybercrime?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, on basic elements of cybercrime law"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[1,"Cyber-specific offence"]
[2,"General offence"]
[3,"Both"]
[]
[1,"Documentation attached"]
[2,"Web link provided"]
[]
[1,"Yes"]
[0,"No "]
[]
[1,"Document attached"]
[2,"Web link provided below"]
[]
[0,"No training is available"]
[1,"Initial training on commencement of duties only"]
[2,"Regular training - less than twice a year"]
[3,"Regular training - more than twice a year"]
[4,"Training on new issues/topics as required"]
[5,"Training only when requested by judges"]
[88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[0,"Not applicable as no training is available"]
[1,"Country-specific training materials developed by national authorities"]
[2,"Country-specific training materials developed by the private sector"]
[3,"Training materials developed by a regional organization"]
[4,"Training materials developed by an international organization"]
[88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[0,"No training is available"]
[1,"Legal framework for cybercrime offences and investigative techniques"]
[2,"Legal framework for computer-related terrorism offences"]
[3,"Internet structure and basic concepts, such as IP address "]
[4,"Special procedures for victims of involving online child exploitation/abuse cases"]
[5,"Computer-related evidence"]
[6,"International cooperation in cybercrime investigations"]
[88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[1,"There are specialized courts/chambers dedicated to cybercrime"]
[2,"Other specialized prosecution courts (such as organized crime/corruption) deal with cybercrime"]
[3,"Some judges specialize in cybercrime cases but they are not organized in a single court or chambers"]
[4,"Cybercrime cases are handled by general, non-specialized criminal courts"]
[88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[0,"No plans"]
[1,"Plans to create a specialized court/chambers (Please provide details below)"]
[88,"Other (Please provide details below)"]
[]
[0,"No"]
[1,"Yes, on basic internet structure and concepts only"]
[2,"Yes, on computer-related evidence "]
[3,"Yes, on basic elements of cybercrime law"]
[88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[0,"No training has been conducted to date"]
[1,"Training unit of the ministry of justice"]
[2,"National private sector or consultancy firm"]
[3,"National NGO or academic organization"]
[4,"International or regional organization"]
[5,"Foreign government authority"]
[88,"Other (Please specify below)"]

{"sheet":"Extradition","index":11,"n_rows":218,"n_cols":18,"rows_kept":218,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[105,12,106,12],[113,11,117,11],[109,9,111,9],[83,10,85,12],[109,10,111,10],[109,11,111,11],[105,10,106,10],[93,1,93,21],[132,1,136,7],[132,9,136,21],[109,17,111,21],[109,12,111,12],[119,9,119,14],[119,16,119,21],[127,1,130,7],[127,9,127,21],[110,1,111,6],[128,9,130,21],[120,9,121,14],[123,15,125,15],[122,9,122,21],[123,16,125,21],[123,9,125,14],[120,16,121,21],[120,1,122,7],[113,1,117,7],[113,9,117,10],[113,12,117,13],[113,14,117,21],[109,1,109,6],[109,7,111,7],[109,8,111,8],[25,1,29,7],[42,1,44,7],[65,7,70,12],[78,1,79,6],[43,9,44,21],[109,13,111,16],[105,11,106,11],[103,1,104,6],[103,7,104,7],[103,8,104,8],[103,9,104,9],[103,10,104,10],[105,1,106,6],[103,11,104,11],[105,7,106,7],[105,8,106,8],[46,9,46,21],[47,9,49,21],[71,7,72,10],[71,11,72,12],[103,13,104,16],[86,13,88,21],[87,1,88,6],[83,1,83,6],[84,1,85,6],[83,7,85,9],[89,7,91,9],[107,12,108,12],[65,13,70,21],[51,1,54,7],[51,15,54,21],[56,1,60,7],[74,7,76,9],[51,11,54,11],[83,13,85,21],[86,1,86,6],[86,7,88,9],[107,11,108,11],[107,1,108,6],[107,7,108,7],[107,8,108,8],[107,9,108,9],[107,10,108,10],[105,9,106,9],[105,13,106,16],[107,13,108,16],[89,10,91,12],[105,17,106,21],[107,17,108,21],[103,12,104,12],[89,1,91,6],[31,9,35,21],[37,1,40,7],[95,7,101,9],[95,10,101,12],[95,13,101,16],[95,17,101,21],[46,1,49,7],[77,1,77,6],[75,1,76,6],[80,7,82,9],[77,13,79,21],[51,9,54,10],[80,13,82,21],[81,1,82,6],[73,7,73,9],[73,10,73,12],[74,10,76,12],[74,13,76,21],[80,1,80,6],[80,10,82,12],[77,10,79,12],[77,7,79,9],[86,10,88,12],[89,13,91,21],[1,1,1,6],[1,7,1,17],[2,1,2,6],[2,7,2,17],[6,7,6,17],[7,1,7,6],[7,7,7,17],[3,1,3,6],[3,7,3,17],[4,1,4,6],[4,7,4,17],[5,1,5,6],[5,7,5,17],[10,1,12,21],[8,1,8,6],[8,7,8,17],[17,1,21,7],[17,9,21,10],[6,1,6,6],[14,1,14,21],[42,9,42,21],[103,17,104,21],[25,9,29,11],[23,12,23,21],[24,12,24,21],[25,12,29,21],[16,11,16,21],[17,11,18,21],[19,11,19,21],[20,11,21,21],[74,1,74,6],[56,9,60,21],[63,1,63,21],[51,12,54,14],[31,1,35,7],[37,9,37,21],[38,9,40,21]]}
[]
[null,"Name of Respondent (Extradition):",null,null,null,null,null,"Dr. Hussain Bin Said Bin Saif Al=Ghafri"]
[null,"Functional Title:",null,null,null,null,null,"Legal Advisor"]
[null,"Agency:",null,null,null,null,null,"Information Technology Authority"]
[null,"Street:",null,null,null,null,null,"Marafa Oasis / Raseel District"]
[null,"City/State/Country:",null,null,null,null,null,"Sultanate of Oman"]
[null,"Email Address:",null,null,null,null,null,"hussain.alghafri@ita.gov.om /hussain.alghafri@gmail.com"]
[null,"Telephone (country code, area code, number):",null,null,null,null,null,"0096824166673/0096899410735"]
[null,"Fax (country code, area code, number):",null,null,null,null,null,"0096824166604/0096824166605"]
[]
[null,"Various forms of international cooperation are essential to the prevention and combating of cybercrimes which are often transnational in character. This section contains questions on authority, mechanisms, requests sent and received, volumes, and outcomes with respect to extradition for cybercrime offences."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Extradition authority and request processing"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[193,"Does your country have LEGISLATION used as a legal basis for sending and receiving EXTRADITION REQUESTS on cybercrime? ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes",null,"Please provide the name of relevant legislation OR provide a direct WEB LINK to the full text of the instrument"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Document attached"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"http://mola.gov.om/legals/tasleem_al_mujremeen/leg.pdf"]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If NO or under CERTAIN CONDITIONS"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please provide further details"]
[194,"In general, are CYBERCRIME ACTS EXTRADITABLE offences? ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, under certain conditions",null,null,"Extradition conditions are: (1) Dual criminality; (2) Non-extradition of nationals; (3) Non-extradition those granted political asylum; (4) Non-extradition of those who have been tried for the same crime for which extradition is requested ;(5) Non-expiry of public action or punishment"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[195,"Please identify the CENTRAL AUTHORITY responsible for receiving and sending EXTRADITION requests In CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS or CASES involving cybercrime.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"In accordance with the provisions of Article 7 of the Extradition Act, extradition requests go to the Royal Oman Police for investigation and arrest of the person whose extradition is sought. The Court of Criminal Appeal in Muscat rules on whether to grant or reject extradition requests. The role of the court here comes after the police have received the request and taken action to investigate it and arrest the person sought. The prosecution service is responsible for questioning the person whose extradition is sought in accordance with the legally prescribed provisions, and detaining him or releasing him with or without bail."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[196,"Which AUTHORITY is RESPONSIBLE for DECISIONS on EXTRADITION requests RECEIVED in your country?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Other (please specify)"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null," The Court of Criminal Appeal in Muscat rules on extradition requests."]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"What forms of COMMUNICATION in cybercrime EXTRADITION cases are usually used?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Post/Diplomatic letters"]
[197,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The basic principle is it should be in writing. Requests may not be submitted orally or in writing sent by wire or cable or any electronic communication, except in certain cases of an urgent nature and as an exception. This is stipulated in Article 6 of the Extradition Act."]
[]
[]
[198,"What are the PRE-CONDITIONS that must be met before an EXTRADITION request in cybercrime cases can be CONSIDERED?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Evidence that perpetrator is in the jurisdiction"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Confirmation of the complete extent of the criminal charge; Confirmation that the act was a criminal offence at the time (non-retroactivity); Prima facie evidence; Evidence of dual criminality"]
[]
[]
[]
[199,"Can PROVISIONAL ARREST be ordered with respect to EXTRADITION requests in cybercrime cases?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes",null,"If YES","Please provide details of the conditions required",null,null,"May not exceed two months, after which time the person must be released if the file on the extradition request has not arrived."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[200,"Please specify any MULTILATERAL COOPERATION groups of which your country is a member for the purposes of EXTRADITION."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Mechanisms for extradition requests"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please specify the NUMBER of CYBERCRIME EXTRADITION REQUESTS that used the following mechanisms for the MOST RECENT YEAR where statistics are available",null,null,null,null,null,"Please provide comments on CHALLENGES encountered and GOOD PRACTICES used with respect to the INSTRUMENT"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,201,"Please specify the YEAR to which statistics refer:"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"SENT",null,null,"RECEIVED"]
[202,"Multilateral instruments (Please specify)"]
[null,"Riyadh Arab Agreement for Judicial Cooperation 1985, ratified in 1999; the Arab Convention against terrorism, ratified by the Sultanate in 99."]
[]
[203,"Regional treaties (Please specify)"]
[]
[]
[204,"Bilateral treaties (Please specify)"]
[]
[]
[205,"Reciprocity in the absence of treaty provision"]
[]
[]
[206,"Other (Please specify)"]
[null,"Extradition Act."]
[]
[207,"TOTAL"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Extradition requests received and granted"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"How many EXTRADITION REQUESTS were RECEIVED for the following years:",null,null,"How many EXTRADITION REQUESTS were SENT for the following years:",null,null,"From which COUNTRIES were extradition REQUESTS most frequently RECEIVED?",null,null,null,"To which COUNTRIES were extradition REQUESTS most frequently SENT?"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2008,2009,2010,2008,2009,2010]
[208,"Acts against (the confidentiality, integrity and availability of) computer data and systems"]
[]
[209,"Computer-related acts for personal or financial gain"]
[]
[210,"Specific computer-related acts"]
[]
[211,"Other (Please specify)"]
[]
[]
[]
[212,"For EXTRADITION REQUESTS described in the table above, are REQUESTS SENT and RECEIVED counted SEPARATELY where MULTIPLE ACTS are included within a SINGLE REQUEST? ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If NO","Please describe the basis on which they are counted:"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"REQUESTS RECEIVED",null,null,null,null,null,null,"REQUESTS SENT"]
[213,"For cybercrime EXTRADITION REQUESTS SENT AND RECEIVED, please estimate the AVERAGE TIME for a response."]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please provide any additional relevant information about the time taken to receive a response."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[214,"What is the MOST COMMON REASON for an EXTRADITION REQUEST in a cybercrime case to be rejected by your country?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Insufficient evidence of offence "]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Procedural irregularities in format of request."]
[]
[]
[]
[215,"Please provide a short narrative describing GOOD EXTRADITION PRACTICE(S) a recent TYPICAL (real) cybercrime case. "]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[1,"Yes"]
[0,"No"]
[]
[1,"Document attached"]
[2,"Web link provided"]
[]
[1,"Through direct communication with a competent authority"]
[2,"Through diplomatic channels"]
[88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[1,"Post/Diplomatic letters"]
[2,"Fax"]
[3,"Email"]
[4,"Online web-based system"]
[88,"Other (please specify)"]
[]
[1,"Evidence of dual criminality"]
[2,"Physical description and identification of perpetrator"]
[3,"Evidence that perpetrator is in the jurisdiction"]
[4,"Confirmation of the complete extent of the criminal charge"]
[5,"Confirmation that the act was a criminal offence at the time (non-retroactivity)"]
[6,"Prima-facie evidence"]
[7,"Copy of warrant of arrest or (if convicted) copy of judgment"]
[8,"Authenticated statement of facts"]
[88,"Other (please specify)"]
[]
[1,"A government institution or executive (Please specify below)"]
[2,"A prosecutor"]
[3,"A magistrate"]
[4,"A lower court"]
[5,"A higher court"]
[88,"Other (please specify)"]
[]
[1,"Post/diplomatic letters"]
[2,"Fax"]
[3,"Email"]
[4,"Online web-based system"]
[88,"Other (please specify)"]
[]
[1,"Through direct communication with a competent authority"]
[2,"Through diplomatic channels"]
[88,"Other (please specify)"]
[]
[1,"Yes"]
[0,"No"]
[]
[1,"Illegal access to a computer system"]
[2,"Illegal remaining in a computer system"]
[3,"Illegal access to computer data"]
[4,"Illegal interception of computer data"]
[5,"Illegal acquisition of computer data"]
[6,"Illegal data interference"]
[7,"Production, distribution, or possession of illegal computer misuse tools"]
[8,"Data protection offences"]
[9,"Computer-related fraud"]
[10,"Computer-related forgery"]
[11,"Computer-facilitated Identity-related crime"]
[12,"Computer-related copyright and trademark related offences"]
[13,"Sending or controlling sending of SPAM"]
[14,"Computer-related production, distribution, or possession of pornography"]
[15,"Computer-related production, distribution, or possession of child abuse material"]
[16,"Computer-related solicitation of children"]
[17,"Computer-related incitement to terrorism offences"]
[18,"Computer-related terrorist financing offences"]
[19,"Offences related to cybercrime investigations"]
[20,"Offences related to the failure to report an act constituting cybercrime"]
[88,"Other (please specify)"]
[]
[1,"Breach of human rights obligations "]
[2,"Insufficient evidence of offence "]
[3,"Procedural irregularities in format of request"]
[4,"Operation of political offence exception"]
[88,"Other (Please specify)"]
[]
[1,"Yes, always"]
[2,"Yes, under certain conditions"]
[0,"No"]

{"sheet":"Mutual Legal Assistance","index":12,"n_rows":215,"n_cols":18,"rows_kept":215,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[77,13,82,21],[89,10,91,12],[89,13,91,21],[98,13,100,21],[92,13,94,21],[98,7,100,9],[108,7,114,9],[108,10,114,12],[98,10,100,12],[95,7,97,9],[95,10,97,12],[106,1,106,21],[98,1,98,6],[99,1,100,6],[108,13,114,16],[101,1,103,6],[101,7,103,9],[101,10,103,12],[101,13,103,21],[108,17,114,21],[83,7,84,10],[83,11,84,12],[95,13,97,21],[92,7,94,9],[92,10,94,12],[89,7,91,9],[86,1,86,6],[87,1,88,6],[95,1,95,6],[96,1,97,6],[93,1,94,6],[92,1,92,6],[89,1,89,6],[90,1,91,6],[127,1,131,7],[127,11,131,11],[151,1,157,7],[151,9,157,21],[138,9,138,14],[138,16,138,21],[139,1,141,7],[139,9,140,14],[139,16,140,21],[141,9,141,21],[142,9,144,14],[127,9,131,10],[142,15,144,15],[142,16,144,21],[127,12,131,13],[127,14,131,21],[146,1,149,7],[146,9,146,21],[147,9,149,21],[75,1,75,21],[85,10,85,12],[86,10,88,12],[77,7,82,12],[85,7,85,9],[86,7,88,9],[86,13,88,21],[69,9,73,21],[1,1,1,6],[1,7,1,17],[10,1,12,21],[15,1,15,21],[8,1,8,6],[8,7,8,17],[5,1,5,6],[5,7,5,17],[6,1,6,6],[6,7,6,17],[2,1,2,6],[2,7,2,17],[3,1,3,6],[3,7,3,17],[4,1,4,6],[4,7,4,17],[51,1,53,7],[69,1,73,7],[63,1,67,7],[63,9,67,10],[62,11,62,21],[46,9,46,21],[47,9,49,21],[46,1,49,7],[63,11,63,21],[64,11,67,21],[51,9,51,21],[52,9,53,21],[55,11,55,21],[56,1,60,7],[56,9,60,10],[56,11,57,21],[58,11,58,21],[59,11,60,21],[7,1,7,6],[7,7,7,17],[40,1,43,7],[36,1,38,7],[36,9,36,21],[37,9,38,21],[31,9,31,21],[32,9,34,21],[25,1,29,7],[25,9,29,21],[31,1,34,7],[18,11,18,21],[19,1,23,7],[19,9,23,10],[19,11,20,21],[22,11,23,21],[21,11,21,21],[40,9,40,21],[41,9,43,21],[116,17,117,21],[118,1,119,6],[118,7,119,7],[118,8,119,8],[118,9,119,9],[118,10,119,10],[118,11,119,11],[118,12,119,12],[118,13,119,16],[118,17,119,21],[116,8,117,8],[116,9,117,9],[116,10,117,10],[116,11,117,11],[116,12,117,12],[116,13,117,16],[116,1,117,6],[116,7,117,7],[122,13,124,16],[122,17,124,21],[123,1,124,6],[120,12,121,12],[120,13,121,16],[120,17,121,21],[122,1,122,6],[122,7,124,7],[122,8,124,8],[122,9,124,9],[122,10,124,10],[122,11,124,11],[122,12,124,12],[120,1,121,6],[120,7,121,7],[120,8,121,8],[120,9,121,9],[120,10,121,10],[120,11,121,11]]}
[]
[null,"Name of Respondent (Mutual Legal Assistance):",null,null,null,null,null,"Dr. Hussain Bin Said Bin Saif Al=Ghafri"]
[null,"Functional Title:",null,null,null,null,null,"Legal Advisor"]
[null,"Agency:",null,null,null,null,null,"Information Technology Authority"]
[null,"Street:",null,null,null,null,null,"Marafa Oasis / Raseel District"]
[null,"City/State/Country:",null,null,null,null,null,"Sultanate of Oman"]
[null,"Email Address:",null,null,null,null,null,"hussain.alghafri@ita.gov.om /hussain.alghafri@gmail.com"]
[null,"Telephone (country code, area code, number):",null,null,null,null,null,"0096824166673/0096899410735"]
[null,"Fax (country code, area code, number):",null,null,null,null,null,"0096824166604/0096824166605"]
[]
[null,"Various forms of international cooperation are essential to the prevention and combating of cybercrimes which are often transnational in character.  This section contains questions on authority, mechanisms, volume, requests sent and received, and outcomes with respect to mutual legal assistance (MLA) in cybercrime investigation and control activities."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Mutual legal assistance authority and request processing"]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[216,"Does your country have LEGISLATION used as a legal basis for MUTUAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE (MLA) for cybercrime? ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes",null,"Please provide the name of relevant legislation OR provide a direct WEB LINK to the full text of the instrument"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Document attached"]
[]
[]
[]
[217,"Please identify the CENTRAL AUTHORITY responsible for receiving and sending requests for MLA in CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS or CASES involving cybercrime.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Under the Riyadh Arab Agreement for Judicial Cooperation ratified by the Sultanate in 1999, it is through the Ministry of Justice."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[218,"Which AUTHORITY is RESPONSIBLE for DECISIONS on MUTUAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE requests RECEIVED in your country?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The court or the public prosecution, according to the type of assistance."]
[]
[]
[]
[219,"What forms of COMMUNICATION in cybercrime MLA cases are usually used?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Post/Diplomatic letters"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Fax"]
[]
[]
[220,"What are the PRE-CONDITIONS that must be met before an MLA request in cybercrime cases can be CONSIDERED?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Evidence of dual criminality"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Ssufficiency of evidence; Authenticated statement of facts."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[221,"What MLA ACTIONS may be requested from your country in cybercrime cases?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Provision of identity or stored subscriber information"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Provision of stored content data - Approval of entry of foreign criminal investigators"]
[]
[]
[]
[222,"Do specific channels exist for URGENT requests for MLA in cybercrime cases?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No, all requests must be submitted as specified above"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[223,"Can assistance be provided by your country through INFORMAL COOPERATION (such as direct POLICE cooperation) as well as through a formal MLA request?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please describe the relationship between informal cooperation channels and MLA requests"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[224,"Does your country have a POLICY or REGULATIONS for the type of assistance that can be provided through INFORMAL COOPERATION and the type that must be provided through MLA?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No",null,"Please describe the MAIN ELEMENTS of the POLICY or REGULATIONS"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[225,"Please specify any MULTILATERAL COOPERATION groups of which your country is a member for the purposes of MLA"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Mechanisms for MLA requests"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please specify the NUMBER of CYBERCRIME MLA REQUESTS that used the following mechanisms for the MOST RECENT YEAR where statistics are available",null,null,null,null,null,"Please provide comments on CHALLENGES encountered and GOOD PRACTICES used with respect to the INSTRUMENT"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,226,"Please specify the YEAR to which statistics refer:"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"SENT",null,null,"RECEIVED"]
[227,"Multilateral instruments (Please specify)"]
[null,"Riyadh Arab Agreement for Judicial Cooperation ratified in 1999; Arab Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism ratified by the Sultanate in 99."]
[]
[228,"Regional treaties (Please specify)"]
[null,"Agreement to implement judgements, supponses and court orders (Gulf Cooperation council States)"]
[]
[229,"Bilateral treaties (Please specify)"]
[null,"Legal and judicial cooperation agreement between the Sultanate and the Arab Republic of Egypt, ratified by the Sultanate in 2002 and entered into force in March 2003. Memorandum of Understanding between the Ministry of Justice of the Sultanate and the Republic of Tunisia in May 2002."]
[]
[230,"Reciprocity in the absence of treaty provision"]
[]
[]
[231,"Other (Please specify)"]
[null,"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the three protocols thereto, ratified by the Sultanate of Oman in 2005"]
[]
[232,"TOTAL"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"MLA requests received and sent"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"How many MLA REQUESTS were RECEIVED for the following years:",null,null,"How many MLA REQUESTS were SENT for the following years:",null,null,"From which COUNTRIES were MLA REQUESTS most frequently RECEIVED?",null,null,null,"To which COUNTRIES were MLA REQUESTS most frequently SENT?"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2008,2009,2010,2008,2009,2010]
[233,"Acts against (the confidentiality, integrity and availability of) computer data and systems"]
[]
[234,"Computer-related acts for personal or financial gain"]
[]
[235,"Specific computer-related acts"]
[]
[236,"Other (Please specify)"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[237,"For MLA REQUESTS described in the tables above, are REQUESTS SENT and RECEIVED counted SEPARATELY where MULTIPLE ACTS are included within a SINGLE REQUEST? ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If NO","Please describe the basis on which they are counted:"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"REQUESTS RECEIVED",null,null,null,null,null,null,"REQUESTS SENT"]
[238,"For cybercrime MLA REQUESTS SENT AND RECEIVED, please estimate the AVERAGE TIME for a response."]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Please provide any additional relevant information about the time taken to receive a response."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[239,"What is the MOST COMMON REASON for an MLA REQUEST in a cybercrime case to be rejected by your country?"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[240,"Please provide a short narrative describing GOOD MLA PRACTICE(S) from a recent TYPICAL (real) cybercrime case. "]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[1,"Yes"]
[0,"No"]
[]
[1,"Through direct communication with a competent authority"]
[2,"Through diplomatic channels"]
[88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[1,"Post/Diplomatic letters"]
[2,"Fax"]
[3,"Email"]
[4,"Online web-based system"]
[88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[1,"Evidence of dual criminality"]
[2,"Sufficiency of evidence"]
[3,"Authenticated statement of facts"]
[88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[1,"A government institution or executive (Please specify below)"]
[2,"A prosecutor"]
[3,"A magistrate"]
[4,"A lower court"]
[5,"A higher court"]
[88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[1,"Insufficient evidence of offence"]
[2,"Procedural irregularities of format of request"]
[3,"Breach of human rights obligations"]
[88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[1,"Provision of technical assistance"]
[2,"Provision of legal advice"]
[3,"Search of computer hardware or data"]
[4,"Seizure of computer hardware or data"]
[5,"Preservation of computer data"]
[6,"Provision of identity or stored subscriber information"]
[7,"Provision of stored traffic data"]
[8,"Provision of stored content data"]
[9,"Real-time collection of traffic data"]
[10,"Real-time collection of content data"]
[11,"Approval of entry of foreign criminal investigators"]
[88,"Other (Please specify below)"]
[]
[1,"Document attached"]
[2,"Web link provided"]
[]
[0,"No, all requests must be submitted as specified above"]
[1,"Yes (Please specify the procedure)"]
[]
[]
[1,"All informal requests are referred to the MLA authority"]
[2,"Some assistance can be provided informally but a formal follow-up MLA request is always required"]
[3,"Some assistance can be provided informally without a formal MLA request "]
[4,"All assistance available through MLA can also be provided informally"]
[88,"Other (Please specify below)"]

{"sheet":"Technical Assistance","index":13,"n_rows":175,"n_cols":18,"rows_kept":175,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[103,1,106,6],[107,1,110,6],[76,1,81,6],[82,1,85,6],[86,1,91,6],[92,1,95,6],[96,1,98,6],[99,1,102,6],[50,1,53,11],[99,7,99,11],[107,7,110,11],[67,1,67,21],[84,7,85,11],[58,17,62,21],[107,12,110,16],[103,7,106,11],[103,12,106,16],[107,17,110,21],[99,12,99,16],[99,17,99,21],[57,7,57,11],[100,7,102,11],[100,12,102,16],[100,17,102,21],[46,7,48,11],[46,1,48,6],[42,7,43,11],[44,7,45,11],[44,17,45,21],[42,17,43,21],[41,1,43,6],[44,1,45,6],[88,12,91,16],[69,14,71,15],[58,7,62,11],[58,12,62,16],[64,7,65,11],[86,7,87,11],[74,7,74,21],[75,7,75,11],[76,7,81,11],[44,12,45,16],[56,7,56,11],[63,1,65,6],[63,7,63,11],[57,1,62,6],[69,1,72,11],[82,7,83,11],[46,12,48,16],[56,17,56,21],[92,12,95,16],[63,12,63,16],[96,17,98,21],[86,17,87,21],[75,17,75,21],[84,17,85,21],[84,12,85,16],[75,12,75,16],[56,12,56,16],[82,12,83,16],[63,17,63,21],[76,12,81,16],[76,17,81,21],[82,17,83,21],[64,12,65,16],[46,17,48,21],[92,17,95,21],[88,17,91,21],[64,17,65,21],[57,12,57,16],[57,17,57,21],[96,7,98,11],[103,17,106,21],[96,12,98,16],[86,12,87,16],[92,7,95,11],[88,7,91,11],[8,1,8,6],[8,7,8,17],[6,1,6,6],[6,7,6,17],[55,7,55,21],[39,17,40,21],[39,12,40,16],[36,7,36,11],[42,12,43,16],[50,14,52,15],[10,1,12,21],[15,1,15,21],[23,7,23,21],[24,7,24,11],[25,12,28,16],[25,17,28,21],[25,1,28,6],[24,12,24,16],[41,7,41,11],[32,12,32,16],[33,17,35,21],[37,12,38,16],[37,7,38,11],[37,17,38,21],[30,17,31,21],[32,17,32,21],[33,7,35,11],[41,12,41,16],[41,17,41,21],[32,7,32,11],[36,12,36,16],[36,17,36,21],[33,12,35,16],[30,7,31,11],[30,12,31,16],[36,1,38,6],[39,1,40,6],[39,7,40,11],[1,1,1,6],[1,7,1,17],[2,1,2,6],[2,7,2,17],[3,1,3,6],[3,7,3,17],[5,1,5,6],[5,7,5,17],[7,1,7,6],[7,7,7,17],[4,1,4,6],[4,7,4,17],[29,7,29,11],[29,12,29,16],[29,17,29,21],[24,17,24,21],[18,14,20,15],[18,1,21,11],[29,1,31,6],[32,1,35,6],[25,7,28,11]]}
[]
[null,"Name of Respondent (Technical Assistance):",null,null,null,null,null,"Dr. Hussain Bin Said Bin Saif Al=Ghafri"]
[null,"Functional Title:",null,null,null,null,null,"Legal Adviswor"]
[null,"Agency:",null,null,null,null,null,"Information Technology Authority"]
[null,"Street:",null,null,null,null,null,"Marafa Oasis / Raseel District"]
[null,"City/State/Country:",null,null,null,null,null,"Sultanate of Oman"]
[null,"Email Address:",null,null,null,null,null,"hussain.alghafri@ita.gov.om /hussain.alghafri@gmail.com"]
[null,"Telephone (country code, area code, number):",null,null,null,null,null,"0096824166673/0096899410735"]
[null,"Fax (country code, area code, number):",null,null,null,null,null,"0096824166604/0096824166605"]
[]
[null,"Various forms of international cooperation are essential to the prevention and combating of cybercrimes which are often transnational in character.  This section contains questions on authority, mechanisms, requests sent and received, volumes, and outcomes with respect to technical assistance in cybercrime investigation and control activities."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Technical assistance received"]
[]
[]
[241,"Has your country RECEIVED TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE from an international organization, another country, or the private sector related to the prevention and combating of cybercrime?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Programme/project 1",null,null,null,null,"Programme/project 2",null,null,null,null,"Programme/project 3"]
[242,"Please identify up to THREE major technical assistance programmes or projects from which your country has benefited in the last three years"]
[]
[]
[]
[243,"Please specify the THEMATIC AREA(S) in which technical assistance was received"]
[]
[]
[244,"Please specify which INSTITUTION(S) received technical assistance."]
[]
[]
[]
[245,"Please specify which ORGANIZATION or DONOR supported the technical assistance"]
[]
[]
[246,"Please specify the DURATION of technical assistance "]
[]
[247,"Please specify who DELIVERED the technical assistance"]
[]
[]
[248,"Please specify the total VALUE of technical assistance delivered by the programme/project"]
[]
[249,"Please specify EVALUATION OUTCOMES of technical assistance received"]
[]
[]
[]
[250,"Does your country REQUIRE technical assistance related to the prevention and combating of cybercrime?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Thematic area 1",null,null,null,null,"Thematic area 2",null,null,null,null,"Thematic area 3"]
[251,"Please specify up to three THEMATIC AREA(S) in which technical assistance is required",null,null,null,null,null,"General cybercrime investigative techniques",null,null,null,null,"International cooperation",null,null,null,null,"Prosecution and trial support"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Computer forensics and evidence preservation.",null,null,null,null,"Formulation.",null,null,null,null,"Preventive approaches to cybercrime."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[252,"Please specify which INSTITUTION(S) would require assistance in this thematic area ",null,null,null,null,null,"General prosecutor's office",null,null,null,null,"Other (please specify)"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The Royal Omani Police; National Information Security Centre;.",null,null,null,null,"The Information Technology Authority and the Electronic legislation Unit; the Royal Omani Police."]
[]
[]
[null,"Technical assistance delivered"]
[]
[253,"Has your country DELIVERED technical assistance to another country related to the prevention and combating of cybercrime?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"If YES"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Programme/project 1",null,null,null,null,"Programme/project 2",null,null,null,null,"Programme/project 3"]
[254,"Please identify up to THREE major technical assistance programmes or projects which your country has provided in the last three years"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[255,"Please specify the THEMATIC AREA(S) in which technical assistance was provided"]
[]
[]
[]
[256,"Please specify to which INSTITUTION(S) technical assistance was provided. Please provide details of the full name of the institution and unit within the institution"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[257,"Please specify which country or countries RECEIVED the technical assistance"]
[]
[]
[]
[258,"Please specify the DURATION of technical assistance "]
[]
[]
[259,"Please specify who DELIVERED the technical assistance"]
[]
[]
[]
[260,"Please specify the total VALUE (in USD) of technical assistance DELIVERED by the programme/project"]
[]
[]
[]
[261,"Please describe EVALUATION OUTCOMES of technical assistance delivered"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[1,"Public Awareness (General Education and Outreach)"]
[2,"Child Awareness (Targeted Education and Outreach for Children)"]
[3,"Drafting of legislation "]
[4,"Amendment of legislation"]
[5,"Cybercrime preventive approaches"]
[6,"General cybercrime investigative techniques"]
[7,"Computer forensics and evidence preservation"]
[8,"Prosecution and trial support"]
[9,"International cooperation"]
[10,"Implementation of international standards"]
[11,"Implementation of regional standards"]
[88,"Other (please specify)"]
[]
[1,"National police/law enforcement authority"]
[2,"Ministry of interior"]
[3,"Ministry of justice"]
[4,"Ministry of national security"]
[5,"General prosecutor's office"]
[6,"Ministry of foreign affairs"]
[7,"Ministry of telecommunications/technology"]
[88,"Other (please specify)"]
[]
[1,"National government (please specify) "]
[2,"International organization (please specify)"]
[3,"Regional organization (please specify)"]
[4,"Private sector organization (please specify)"]
[5,"Academic organization (please specify) "]
[88,"Other (please specify)"]
[]
[1,"Less than 1 month"]
[2,"1 to 6 months"]
[3,"6 to 12 months "]
[4,"12 to 24 months"]
[5,"More than 24 months"]
[]
[1,"Local consultants"]
[2,"International consultants"]
[3,"Local private sector organization"]
[4,"International private sector organization"]
[5,"Local academic organization"]
[6,"International academic organization"]
[7,"Foreign government"]
[8,"International organization"]
[9,"Regional organization"]
[88,"Other (please specify)"]
[]
[1,"Yes"]
[0,"No"]
[]
[1,"Local consultants"]
[2,"International consultants"]
[3,"Local private sector organization"]
[4,"International private sector organization"]
[5,"Local academic organization"]
[6,"International academic organization"]
[7,"Institutions of your government"]
[8,"International organization"]
[9,"Regional organization"]
[88,"Other (please specify)"]